Consumption of the whole-grain rye bread and progression of prostate cancer

Funding Information: This study was supported by the project framework of the European Regional Development Fund (ERAF) No. 2010/0273/2DP/2.1.1.0/10/APIA/VIAA/083 „Assessment of Local Origin Cereal Species’ Potential and Development of Varieties for Specific Dietary Foods Production”. Copyright: Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Whole-grain rye intake has been suggested to have anti-cancer effect, including changes in serum hormones and reduced prostate specific antigen (PSA) in animals and humans. In this study, we investigated the effect of high intake of whole-grain rye bread on prostate cancer progression as assessed by PSA concentration in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Fifteen men with prostate cancer who did not receive prior therapy were randomised and given a daily supplement of 250 g refined wheat bread for two weeks and, afterwards, 250 g whole-grain rye bread for six weeks. Blood samples were taken from fasting men at baseline and after two and six weeks to measure the PSA and sex hormones. The dietary intake was: energy intake 3452 kcal; protein intake 166 g, carbohydrate intake 334 g, fat 149 g, saturated fat intake 52 g, and fibre intake 40 g. Plasma total PSA, free PSE, testosterone concentrations and free androgen index tended to be higher after refined white bread treatment and lower after whole-grain rye treatment. However, none of the differences were statistically significant. There were no significant changes in sex hormone binding globulin, luteinising hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone. In this intervention trial, whole-grain rye consumption did not result in significant changes in PSA and sex hormones, which may be related to high fat intake. Further prospective trials are indicated to evaluate the potential of whole-grain rye bread, taking into account other factors.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Content of alkylresorcinols in cereals grown in Latvia determined by high performance liquid chromatography with UV

Funding Information: The study was financed by the State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute (Stende, Latvia), project framework of the European Regional Development Fund (ERAF) „Assessment of Local Origin Cereal Species’ Potential and Development of Varieties for Specific Dietary Foods Production” (No. 2010/0273/2DP/2.1.1.0/10/APIA/VIAA/083). Grain samples were provided by the State Priekuïi Plant Breeding Institute (Priekuïi, Latvia) and by the State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute (Stende, Latvia). The authors wish to thank Mâris Jâkobsons and Oksana Rotkaja for their skilled technical assistance.Cereal alkylresorcinols (ARs) are a group of phenolic lipids mainly found in the outer parts of grains of rye and wheat. They have been suggested for use as selective biomarkers for intake of whole grain and bran products of these cereals. Consumption of whole grains and whole grain products has been associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 2, obesity and some types of cancer. In this article a sensitive and rapid method of High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection for quantitative determination of ARs in the cereals grown in Latvia is described. Instrument detection limits (IDL) were determined for C17:0, C19:0 and C21:0 homologues (coefficient of variation < 3%). According to the results of these studies, ARs were found in rye (87.1-112.0 mg/100 g), wheat (24.0-40.2 mg/100 g), triticale (32.1-74.4 mg/100 g), and in small amounts in barley (2.2-3.7 mg/100 g), but not in oats.publishersversionPeer reviewe