Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Associated With Chronic Suppurative Hidradenitis: Report Of A Case And Review Of The Literature

Chronic suppurative hidradenitis (CSH) is a benign condition that can affect the perineal region and often leads to the formation of abscesses and fistulas. It is rare for CSH to undergo malignant degeneration into mucinous adenocarcinoma. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a 55-year-old male patient with perineal CSH who suffered worsening long-term pain despite multiple surgical procedures to alleviate his symptoms. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiloculated cystic lesion on the left side wall of the distal rectum with gluteal extension. Pathological examination revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent an abdominoperineal resection (APR) of the rectum with cutaneous muscle flap reconstruction. Although histopathological sections showed clear margins, the tumor recurred 6 months following surgery. DISCUSSION: Perineal mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a patient with CSH is an extremely rare condition. This diagnosis is often difficult, due to the paucity of signs of malignant degeneration as well as the rarity of the disease itself. Surgical resection of the lesions is a well-established approach. In this case, diagnosing the tumor at such a late stage likely compromised his outcome. CONCLUSION: Malignant degeneration to mucinous adenocarcinoma must be suspected in patients with a history of long-term CSH. In such cases, local biopsies and a radiological examination, such as MRI can help in the diagnosis. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.26121

Dramatic change in the boundary layer in the symbiotic recurrent nova T Coronae Borealis

A sudden increase in the rate at which material reaches the most internal part of an accretion disk, i.e., the boundary layer, can change its structure dramatically. We have witnessed such a change for the first time in the symbiotic recurrent nova T CrB. Our analysis of XMM-Newton, Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)/X-Ray Telescope (XRT)/UltraViolet Optical Telescope (UVOT), and the American Association of Variable Stars Observers (AAVSO) V- and B-band data indicates that during an optical brightening event that started in early 2014 (ΔV ≈ 1.5) the following occurred: (i) the hard X-ray emission as seen with BAT almost vanished; (ii) the XRT X-ray flux decreased significantly, while the optical flux remained high; (iii) the UV flux increased by at least a factor of 40 over the quiescent value; and (iv) the X-ray spectrum became much softer and a bright, new blackbody-like component appeared. We suggest that the optical brightening event, which could be a similar event to that observed about 8 years before the most recent thermonuclear outburst in 1946, is due to a disk instability.Fil: Luna, Gerardo Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Mukai, K.. Cresst And X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, Nasa/gcfc; Estados UnidosFil: Sokoloski, J. L.. Columbia University; Estados UnidosFil: Nelson, T.. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; Estados UnidosFil: Kuin, P.. University College London; Estados UnidosFil: Segreto, A.. Inaf-istituto Di Astrofisica Spaziale E Fisica Cosmica; ItaliaFil: Cusumano, Julio Ricardo. Inaf-istituto Di Astrofisica Spaziale E Fisica Cosmica; ItaliaFil: Jaque Arancibia, Marcelo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; Argentin

X-ray, UV, and optical observations of the accretion disk and boundary layer in the symbiotic star RT Crucis

Compared to mass transfer in cataclysmic variables, the nature of accretion in symbiotic binaries in which red giants transfer material to white dwarfs (WDs) has been difficult to uncover. The accretion flows in a symbiotic binary are most clearly observable, however, when there is no quasi-steady shell burning on the WD to hide them. RT Cru is the prototype of such non-burning symbiotics, with its hard (δ-type) X-ray emission providing a view of its innermost accretion structures. In the past 20 yr, RT Cru has experienced two similar optical brightening events, separated by ∼ 4000 days and with amplitudes of ΔV ∼ 1.5 mag. After Swift became operative, the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) detector revealed a hard X-ray brightening event almost in coincidence with the second optical peak. Spectral and timing analyses of multi-wavelength observations that we describe here, from NuSTAR, Suzaku, Swift/X-Ray Telescope (XRT) + BAT + UltraViolet Optical Telescope (UVOT) (photometry) and optical photometry and spectroscopy, indicate that accretion proceeds through a disk that reaches down to the WD surface. The scenario in which a massive, magnetic WD accretes from a magnetically truncated accretion disk is not supported. For example, none of our data show the minute-time-scale periodic modulations (with tight upper limits from X-ray data) expected from a spinning, magnetic WD. Moreover, the similarity of the UV and X-ray fluxes, as well as the approximate constancy of the hardness ratio within the BAT band, indicate that the boundary layer of the accretion disk remained optically thin to its own radiation throughout the brightening event, during which the rate of accretion onto the WD increased to 6.7 × 10-9M· yr-1 (d/2 kpc)2. For the first time from a WD symbiotic, the NuSTAR spectrum showed a Compton reflection hump at E > 10 keV, due to hard X-rays from the boundary layer reflecting off of the surface of the WD; the reflection amplitude was 0.77 ± 0.21. The best fit spectral model, including reflection, gave a maximum post-shock temperature of kT = 53 ± 4 keV, which implies a WD mass of 1.25 ± 0.02 M·. Although the long-term optical variability in RT Cru is reminiscent of dwarf-novae-type outbursts, the hard X-ray behavior does not correspond to that observed in well-known dwarf nova. An alternative explanation for the brightening events could be that they are due to an enhancement of the accretion rate as the WD travels through the red giant wind in a wide orbit, with a period of about ∼4000 days. In either case, the constancy of the hard X-ray spectrum while the accretion rate rose suggests that the accretion-rate threshold between a mostly optically thin and thick boundary layer, in this object, may be higher than previously thought.Fil: Luna, Gerardo Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Mukai, K.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Estados UnidosFil: Sokoloski, J. L.. Columbia University; Estados UnidosFil: Lucy, A. B.. Columbia University; Estados UnidosFil: Cusumano, G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; ItaliaFil: Segreto, A.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; ItaliaFil: Jaque Arancibia, Marcelo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Puebla, R. E.. Universidad Central del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Nelson, T.. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; Estados UnidosFil: Walter, F. M.. Columbia University; Estados Unido

Symbiotic stars in X-rays IV. XMM-Newton, Swift, and TESS observations

White dwarf symbiotic binaries are detected in X-rays with luminosities in the range of 1030–1034 ergs s−1. Their X-ray emission ariseseither from the accretion disk boundary layer, from a region where the winds from both components collide, or from nuclear burningon the surface of the white dwarf (WD). In our continuous effort to identify X-ray-emitting symbiotic stars, we studied four systemsusing observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and XMM-Newton satellites in X-rays and from Transiting ExoplanetSurvey Satellite (TESS) in the optical. The X-ray spectra were fit with absorbed optically thin thermal plasma models that are eithersingle- or multitemperature with kT < 8 keV for all targets. Based on the characteristics of their X-ray spectra, we classified BD Camas possible β-type, V1261 Ori and CD −27 8661 as δ-type, and confirmed NQ Gem as β/δ-type. The δ-type X-ray emission most likelyarises from the boundary layer of the accretion disk, while in the case of BD Cam, its mostly soft emission originates from shocks,possibly between the red giant and WD and disk winds. In general, we find that the observed X-ray emission is powered by accretionat a low accretion rate of about 10−11 M yr−1. The low ratio of X-ray to optical luminosities, however indicates that the accretion-diskboundary layer is mostly optically thick and tends to emit in the far or extreme UV. The detection of flickering in optical data providesevidence of the existence of an accretion disk.Fil: de Jesus Lima, Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Luna, Gerardo Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham; ArgentinaFil: Mukai, K.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Estados Unidos. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Oliveira, A. S.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Sokoloski, J. L.. Columbia University; Estados UnidosFil: Walter, F. M.. State University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Palivanas, N.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Nuñez, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Souza, R. R.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Araujo, R. A. N.. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho

Framework of Collagen Type I – Vasoactive Vessels Structuring Invariant Geometric Attractor in Cancer Tissues: Insight into Biological Magnetic Field

In a previous research, we have described and documented self-assembly of geometric triangular chiral hexagon crystal-like complex organizations (GTCHC) in human pathological tissues. This article documents and gathers insights into the magnetic field in cancer tissues and also how it generates an invariant functional geometric attractor constituted for collider partners in their entangled environment. The need to identify this hierarquic attractor was born out of the concern to understand how the vascular net of these complexes are organized, and to determine if the spiral vascular subpatterns observed adjacent to GTCHC complexes and their assembly are interrelational. The study focuses on cancer tissues and all the macroscopic and microscopic material in which GTCHC complexes are identified, which have been overlooked so far, and are rigorously revised. This revision follows the same parameters that were established in the initial phase of the investigation, but with a new item: the visualization and documentation of external dorsal serous vascular bed areas in spatial correlation with the localization of GTCHC complexes inside the tumors. Following the standard of the electro-optical collision model, we were able to reproduce and replicate collider patterns, that is, pairs of left and right hand spin-spiraled subpatterns, associated with the orientation of the spinning process that can be an expansion or contraction disposition of light particles. Agreement between this model and tumor data is surprisingly close; electromagnetic spiral patterns generated were identical at the spiral vascular arrangement in connection with GTCHC complexes in malignant tumors. These findings suggest that the framework of collagen type 1 – vasoactive vessels that structure geometric attractors in cancer tissues with invariant morphology sets generate collider partners in their magnetic domain with opposite biological behavior. If these principles are incorporated into nanomaterial, biomedical devices, and engineered tissues, new therapeutic strategies could be developed for cancer treatment

"Watch and wait" protocol for patients with rectal adenocarcinoma at Hospital de Clinicas - UNICAMP

Orientadores: Carlos Augusto Real Martinez, Claudio Saddy Rodrigues CoyDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: O tratamento do câncer de reto extraperitoneal tem sofrido diversas alterações ao longo do tempo com a justificativa de melhorar a sobrevida, reduzir a recidiva local e, mais recentemente, preservar o esfíncter anal. Atualmente, a estratégia terapêutica considerada ideal para o tratamento do câncer do reto avançado, localizado abaixo da reflexão peritoneal, consiste no emprego de quimioterapia associada à radioterapia neoadjuvante seguida da cirurgia. Essa estratégia se relaciona ao melhor controle local, à diminuição dos índices de recidiva e, em alguns casos, à resposta patológica completa, ou seja, à ausência de células neoplásicas no espécime cirúrgico retirado. A identificação de pacientes que não possuem tumor detectável por meio de exames clínicos, radiológicos e endoscópicos abre a possibilidade para a não-intervenção cirúrgica de imediato. Essa estratégia conhecida como "watch and wait" tem mostrado desfechos oncológicos favoráveis, além de cursar com excelentes resultados funcionais. Entretanto, embora essa estratégia seja bem aceita no mundo, ainda não há um consenso sobre como aplicá-la. Há divergências entre os protocolos de radioquimioterapia e de intervalo entre o término da neoadjuvância e a cirurgia adotados por cada serviço. Além disso, existem dúvidas entre os modos de avaliação e os critérios a serem adotados para definir a resposta clínica completa. Esse estudo teve como objetivo descrever as principais estratégias de tratamento e de seguimento dos pacientes com câncer de reto extraperitoneal que apresentam resposta clínica completa após o tratamento neoadjuvante nos principais serviços do mundo; e por fim, definir um protocolo que possa ser aplicado no Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMPAbstract: The treatment of extraperitoneal rectal cancer has seen numerous alterations over the years. Justifications for these changes have included improved survival rates, reduced local recurrence and, more recently, preservation of the sphincter. Today, the ideal therapeutic strategy for treating advanced peritoneal rectal cancer consists of chemotherapy, combined with neoadjuvant radiation therapy, followed by radical surgery. This strategy is associated with improved local control of the disease, a reduction in recurrence indices, and in some cases, complete pathological response; meaning, the complete absence of neoplastic cells in one's surgical specimen. By using clinical, radiological, and endoscopic means to identify patients who do not possess a detectable tumor, one opens up the possibility of averting immediate surgical intervention altogether. This strategy, known as "watch and wait", has demonstrated favorable oncological outcomes, in addition to excellent functional outcomes. However, although this strategy is widely accepted around the world, there still isn't a consensus on how to best apply it. Many disagreements still exist regarding specific radiotherapy protocols, as well as how long the interval should be between the end of neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. Additionally, there are disagreements regarding means of evaluation and which criteria should be adopted in order to define a "complete clinical response". The goal of this study is to describe the principle treatment strategies and follow-up strategies for patients with extraperitoneal rectal cancer, who present complete clinical responses after neoadjuvant treatment. Furthermore, this study aimed to define a fixed protocol that can be applied at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) HospitalMestradoEficácia e Efetividade de Testes Diagnósticos e Protocolos de Tratamento em SaúdeMestra em Ciência

RNA-Dependent Cysteine Biosynthesis in Bacteria and Archaea.

The diversity of the genetic code systems used by microbes on earth is yet to be elucidated. It is known that certain methanogenic archaea employ an alternative system for cysteine (Cys) biosynthesis and encoding; tRNACys is first acylated with phosphoserine (Sep) by O-phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase (SepRS) and then converted to Cys-tRNACys by Sep-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase (SepCysS). In this study, we searched all genomic and metagenomic protein sequence data in the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system and at the NCBI to reveal new clades of SepRS and SepCysS proteins belonging to diverse archaea in the four major groups (DPANN, Euryarchaeota, TACK, and Asgard) and two groups of bacteria ("Candidatus Parcubacteria" and Chloroflexi). Bacterial SepRS and SepCysS charged bacterial tRNACys species with cysteine in vitro Homologs of SepCysE, a scaffold protein facilitating SepRS⋅SepCysS complex assembly in Euryarchaeota class I methanogens, are found in a few groups of TACK and Asgard archaea, whereas the C-terminally truncated homologs exist fused or genetically coupled with diverse SepCysS species. Investigation of the selenocysteine (Sec)- and pyrrolysine (Pyl)-utilizing traits in SepRS-utilizing archaea and bacteria revealed that the archaea carrying full-length SepCysE employ Sec and that SepRS is often found in Pyl-utilizing archaea and Chloroflexi bacteria. We discuss possible contributions of the SepRS-SepCysS system for sulfur assimilation, methanogenesis, and other metabolic processes requiring large amounts of iron-sulfur enzymes or Pyl-containing enzymes.IMPORTANCE Comprehensive analyses of all genomic and metagenomic protein sequence data in public databases revealed the distribution and evolution of an alternative cysteine-encoding system in diverse archaea and bacteria. The finding that the SepRS-SepCysS-SepCysE- and the selenocysteine-encoding systems are shared by the Euryarchaeota class I methanogens, the Crenarchaeota AK8/W8A-19 group, and an Asgard archaeon suggests that ancient archaea may have used both systems. In contrast, bacteria may have obtained the SepRS-SepCysS system from archaea. The SepRS-SepCysS system sometimes coexists with a pyrrolysine-encoding system in both archaea and bacteria. Our results provide additional bioinformatic evidence for the contribution of the SepRS-SepCysS system for sulfur assimilation and diverse metabolisms which require vast amounts of iron-sulfur enzymes and proteins. Among these biological activities, methanogenesis, methylamine metabolism, and organohalide respiration may have local and global effects on earth. Taken together, uncultured bacteria and archaea provide an expanded record of the evolution of the genetic code