Social use and consequences of PGIS in local communities: a structurationist analysis of Sierra Nevada Project

The aim of this paper is to understand the social use and the consequences of PGIS in local communities, more specifically in Sierra Nevada, Mexico. In order to investigate the use of ICT by communities, we applied a multilevel and structurationist framework that articulates three dimensions: context, process and content. The results of our study draw attention to the implications of using PGIS not only as a technological tool in the strict sense, but as a process with the potential to achieve commitment across different social groups, even if they have distinct interests and skills. In addition, the consequences of its use for the communities are more likely to be related to the effectiveness of the underlying learning and emancipation processes

As práticas de integração das filiais internacionais com relação a projetos de inovação: Os casos de grandes grupos farmacêuticos.

Actuellement, émerge une considération selon laquelle l'innovation est perçue comme le résultat d'un processus collectif de développement de nouveaux produits / procédés. L'enjeu majeur est surtout pour les multinationales dans la mesure où se pose le problème d'intégration des entités internationales ainsi que leurs connaissances dans la stratégie globale d'innovation. Les travaux, jusque là présentés, proposent des réflexions très fragmentées à ce sujet. L'intérêt d'étudier cette perspective stratégique semble alors se justifier. De ce fait, sur la base d'une recherche effectuée auprès de cinq grands groupes pharmaceutiques, nous avons identifié les mécanismes d'intégration et les obstacles rencontrés par ces entreprises. De là, nous proposons une grille de lecture pour appréhender les pratiques de mise en oeuvre d'une stratégie intégrée d'innovation. Notre recherche montre que cela peut être réfléchi au niveau global, interne et local en veillant à développer les relations entre les filiales et les parties prenantes de ces trois niveaux.

LAS INNOVACIONES EN EL SECTOR DE QUESERÍAS: EL CASO FRANCÉS DEL GRUPO COOPERATIVO 3ª

Tradicionalmente, o setor agroalimentar mundial é caracterizado por baixos níveis de investimento em pesquisa e desenvolvimento, sendo este muito dependente de avanços tecnológicos incrementais. Especificamente no setor de laticínios, um dos grandes motivadores da implementação de inovações é a busca por maior qualidade e durabilidade dos produtos. Entretanto, nos últimos anos tem emergido uma tendência pela busca de produtos funcionais e com apelo mais sustentável. Levando em conta esse cenário apresentado, o objetivo desse artigo foi o de identificar e avaliar as inovações de uma cooperativa francesa do setor de laticínios, no período de 1990 a 2005. Para tanto, foi feito um estudo de caso no Grupo Cooperativo 3 A, organização de destaque na região sul da França. Foi possível identificar algumas inovações induzidas por fornecedores, principalmente no que se refere a inovações em produto e processo. Entretanto, identificou-se também um numero significativo de inovações em gestão, principalmente em função de as mesmas exigirem menores investimentos em tecnologia. Constatou-se que realmente um dos grandes motivadores da implementação de inovações foi a busca da cooperativa por maior qualidade, mas se confirma a tendência pela produção de produtos com apelo funcional e ligados à sustentabilidade.The world agribusiness industry is known for its low levels of investment in Research & Development. Incremental technological advances are the tradition. Specifically at the dairy sector, one of the great motivators of innovations is the search for a bigger quality and durability in the products. However, in recent years there is a trend to searching functional and sustainable products. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to identify and evaluate the innovations of a French cooperative in the dairy sector, from 1990 to 2005. For that, a case study was made at the Cooperative Group 3A, which is an important cooperative on France. We have identified some induced innovations by suppliers, mainly innovations in product and process. However, we have also identified a significant number of innovations in management, mainly as a result of the minor investment demanded in technology. We have identified that the search for higher quality levels was the main reason for the innovations implementation. Nevertheless, we have confirmed the trend of producing products with functional qualities and sustainable appeal.Tradicionalmente, el sector [agroalimentar] mundial es caracterizado por bajos niveles de inversión en pesquisa y desarrollo, siendo este muy dependiente de avances tecnológicos incrementales. Específicamente en el sector de queserías, uno de los grandes motivadores de la implementación de innovaciones es la busca por mayor calidad y durabilidad de los productos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años está emergiendo una tendencia por la búsqueda de productos funcionales y con llamamiento más sostenible. Teniendo en cuenta ese escenario presentado, el objetivo de ese artículo fue el de identificar y evaluar las innovaciones de una cooperativa francesa del sector de queserías, en el periodo de 1990 a 2005. Para tanto, fue hecho un estudio de caso en el Grupo Cooperativo 3 A, organización de destaque en la región sur de Francia. Fue posible identificar algunas innovaciones inducidas por proveedores, sobre todo en lo referente a innovaciones en producto y proceso. Sin embargo, se identificó también uno numero significativo de innovaciones en gestión, sobre todo en función de las mismas exijan menores inversiones en tecnología. Se constató que realmente uno de los grandes motivadores de la implementación de innovaciones fue la búsqueda de la cooperativa por mayor calidad, pero se confirma la tendencia por la producción de productos con apelo funcional y ligados a la sostenibilidad

TECHNOLOGICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES: THE BRASIL TELECOM STRATEGIES

Considering the Resource Based-View and the Evolutionary Theory, it is understood that the firm’s strategy is given in function of its organizationals capacities and in function of the variability of the institutional and technological changes, being this determinative for its growth. This way, it is intended to analyze the strategies of Brazil Telecom, which, though all the analyzed period, have been influenced by these factors. The choice of Brazil Telecom as unit of this case study, it’s because of its representation in the sector of telecommunications. This is a qualitative study of descriptive character, with collected primary data by means of interview half-structuralized with two representatives of the corporative services sector of the studied organization. It was distinguished three important scenarios in the determination of the company’s strategies: ) a moment of loss of the security and stability as state-owned company (had to the changes in the institucional picture- privatizations), together with technological changes (had to the great advance of the sector); b) a moment of change in its management, also in result of the perception of these institucional changes; c) a moment characterized for a search for the convergence between the technologies of the sector, with intention to reach a sinergy in its services.A partir da abordagem de Recursos Internos e da Teoria Evolucionária, entende-se que a estratégia das firmas dá-se em função das suas capacidades organizacionais e em função da variabilidade das mudanças institucionais e tecnológicas, sendo isso determinante para o seu crescimento. Sendo assim, pretende-se analisar as estratégias da Brasil Telecom, que, ao longo do período analisado, foram influenciadas por esses fatores. A seleção da Brasil Telecom como unidade de estudo de caso foi devido a sua representatividade no setor de telecomunicações. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de caráter descritivo, com dados primários coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada com dois representantes do setor de serviços corporativos da organização estudada. Destacou-se três cenários importantes na determinação das estratégias da empresa: a) um momento de perda da segurança e estabilidade como empresa estatal devido às mudanças no quadro institucional (privatizações), juntamente com mudanças tecnológicas devido ao grande avanço do setor; b) um momento de mudança na sua gestão também em decorrência da percepção dessas mudanças institucionais; c) um momento caracterizado por uma busca pela convergência entre as tecnologias do setor, com o intuito de alcançar uma sinergia nos seus serviços

Enterectomía yeyunal revestida con xenoinjerto de pericardio bovino en un modelo canino

The aim of this study was to evaluate the alteration of the cellular components of the peritoneal lavage and to characterize the cicatricial remodelling, at the macro and microscopic level, produced by the experimental use of bovine pericardium xenograft (XPB) not treated as a lining of the end to end-jejunal terminal anastomosis in a canine model. Nine canines between 4 and 6 years of age, 15-30 kg of weight, and both sexes were randomly distributed in three experimental groups (A, B and C for a second celiotomy at 5, 10 and 30 days post-surgery) of three animals each, to which an untreated XPB was placed as a lining of the jejunal enterectomy. The results of the analysis of the cellular components of the peritoneal fluid showed a significant increase in lymphocytes, macrophages and eosinophils 30 days after the surgery and to a lesser extent 10 and 5 days after the intervention. In the macroscopic pathology, none of the groups denoted the presence of leakage, stenosis, abscesses or signs of peritonitis, nor was visualization of contraction or displacement of the XPB, but adhesion of the omentum was evident. The histopathology revealed a reaction to a foreign body of minimal to moderate, but totally compatible with life and almost surpassed 30 days after the surgery. It is concluded that the technique of jejunal anastomosis in canines coated with untreated XPB is viable and effective because it does not generate severe cellular infiltration against possible harmful cellular antigens or calcification processes. In addition, it does not alter the functions of intestinal digestion, secretion and absorption.El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la alteración de los componentes celulares del lavado peritoneal y caracterizar la remodelación cicatricial, a nivel macro y microscópico, producida por el uso experimental del xenoinjerto de pericardio bovino (XPB) no tratado como revestimiento de la anastomosis término-terminal yeyunal en un modelo canino. Se trabajó con nueve caninos entre 4 y 6 años, de 15 a 30 kg de peso, sin discriminar por sexo. Se distribuyeron de forma aleatoria en tres grupos experimentales (A, B y C para una segunda celiotomía a los 5, 10 y 30 días del posperatorio, respectivamente) de tres animales cada uno, a los que se les colocó un XPB no tratado como revestimiento de la enterectomía yeyunal. Los resultados del análisis de los componentes celulares del fluido peritoneal evidenciaron un incremento significativo en linfocitos, macrófagos y eosinófilos a los 30 días del posoperatorio y en menor medida a los 10 y 5 días de la intervención. En la patología macroscópica, ninguno de los grupos denotó presencia de fugas, estenosis o abscesos, o signos de peritonitis ni se visualizó contracción o desplazamiento del XPB, pero fue evidente la adhesión del epiplón. La histopatología reveló una reacción a cuerpo extraño de mínima a moderada, pero totalmente compatible con la vida y casi superada a los 30 días del posoperatorio. Se concluye que la técnica de anastomosis término-terminal yeyunal en caninos revestida con XPB no tratado es viable y efectiva porque no genera infiltración celular severa frente a posibles antígenos celulares nocivos, ni procesos de calcificación; además, no altera las funciones de digestión, secreción y absorción intestinal

Quasiexperimental intervention study protocol to optimise the use of new antibiotics in Spain: the NEW_SAFE project

Introduction Ceftaroline, tedizolid, dalbavancin, ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam are novel antibiotics used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR). Their use should be supervised and monitored as part of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP). Appropriate use of the new antibiotics will be improved by including consensual indications for their use in local antibiotic guidelines, together with educational interventions providing advice to prescribers to ensure that the recommendations are clearly understood. Methods and analysis This study will be implemented in two phases. First, a preliminary historical cohort (2017-2019) of patients from 13 Andalusian hospitals treated with novel antibiotics will be analysed. Second, a quasiexperimental intervention study will be developed with an interrupted time-series analysis (2020-2021). The intervention will consist of an educational interview between prescribers and ASP leaders at each hospital to reinforce the proper use of novel antibiotics. The educational intervention will be based on a consensus guideline designed and disseminated by leaders after the retrospective cohort data have been analysed. The outcomes will be acceptance of the intervention and appropriateness of prescription. Incidence of infection and colonisation with MDR organisms as well as incidence ofClostridioides difficileinfection will also be analysed. Changes in prescription quality between periods and the safety profile of the antibiotics in terms of mortality rate and readmissions will also be measured. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained from the Andalusian Coordinating Institutional Review Board. The study is being conducted in compliance with the protocol and regulatory requirements consistent with International Council of Harmonisation E6 Good Clinical Practice and the ethical principles of the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences

Aprendiendo mucho en muy poco tiempo -SFA y opresión-

Presentamos la experiencia de innovación docente desarrollada en la asignatura de Orientación Psicoeducativa, fundamentada en la metodología de Sensibilización-Formación y Acción. La actividad llevada a cabo ha sido evaluada mostrando como en el periodo de dos semanas los estudiantes han pasado de no saber nada respecto al análisis de un caso de opresión, a organizar debates y adquirir unos conocimientos que los han sorprendido hasta a ellos mismos. Los resultados son analizados desde cómo se mejora la percepción de la opresión, mejora la empatía y el empoderamiento del alumnado.We are introducing an innovative teaching experience developed in the course in Psycho-educational Guidance, based on the methodology of training and awareness-Action. The activity has been carried out showing assessed as in the period of two weeks students have gone from not knowing anything about the analysis of a case of oppression, to organize discussions on it and acquire knowledge that have surprised even themselves. The results are analyzed from how the perception of oppression is improved, enhancing empathy and empowerment of students

COMMUNITY PROTOCOLS AS TOOLS FOR RESISTING EXCLUSION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the rise of the community protocol approach under the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) transnational governance arena, to understand how local initiatives translate a global environmental regulation. This paper contributes to the literature on transnational governance by showing how this is constituted by a series of translation processes and each time a concept is introduced in a transnational arena and then translated by a community or organization, it gains new forms and uses depending on the interests and experiences of the actors involved. However, the same concept used for the same goal by communities in different parts of the world led to different concrete outcomes, which points to the idea that the outcomes in translation processes are not only ongoing but also unpredictable. In addition, the cases illustrate that in the process of actively translating a global regulation, the local actors themselves also change. Finally, the emergent findings show how community protocols were translated to become translocal tools to resist exclusion in environmental governance through two main mechanisms: connecting goals and practices and (re)connecting social networks

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Joint Observation of the Galactic Center with MAGIC and CTA-LST-1

MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), designed to detect very-high-energy gamma rays, and is operating in stereoscopic mode since 2009 at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos in La Palma, Spain. In 2018, the prototype IACT of the Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) for the Cherenkov Telescope Array, a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, was inaugurated at the same site, at a distance of approximately 100 meters from the MAGIC telescopes. Using joint observations between MAGIC and LST-1, we developed a dedicated analysis pipeline and established the threefold telescope system via software, achieving the highest sensitivity in the northern hemisphere. Based on this enhanced performance, MAGIC and LST-1 have been jointly and regularly observing the Galactic Center, a region of paramount importance and complexity for IACTs. In particular, the gamma-ray emission from the dynamical center of the Milky Way is under debate. Although previous measurements suggested that a supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* plays a primary role, its radiation mechanism remains unclear, mainly due to limited angular resolution and sensitivity. The enhanced sensitivity in our novel approach is thus expected to provide new insights into the question. We here present the current status of the data analysis for the Galactic Center joint MAGIC and LST-1 observations