Faktor-Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Taeniasis dan Sistiserkosis di Papua Barat

Taeniasis and cysticercosis are zoonotic diseases pigs and still become a health problem in West Papua. In 2003-2004, the prevalence of taeniasis was 4.1% and cysticercosis 2.3%. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of transmission of the disease. A cross-sectional design was carried out in March-December 2016, with 1,489 of respondents. Data was collected  through fingertip blood collection and interviews for determinant factors of taeniasis transmission and cysticercosis. Examination of blood samples was carried out using magnetic microparticle immunoassay. The results of the study on taeniasis proportion were 3.0% (n=1.489) and taeniasis determinant factors were education [RR=1.3; CI 95% (0.695-2.418); p=0.047], hand washing habits before eating [RR=12.3; CI 95% (5.857-25.853); p=0.0001], habit of washing hands after defecate (p=0.0001), consuming vegetables (p=0.0001), vegetables being washed in the river [RR=0.3; CI 95% (0.153-0.674); p=0.002] and consumption of roast meat [RR=0.3; CI 95% (0.166-0.570); p=0.0001]. The proportion of cysticercosis is 3.2% (n=1,489). and cysticercosis determinant factors are education [RR=0.3; CI 95% (0.162-0.819); p=0.011], hand washing habits before eating [RR=2.4; CI 95% (1.344-4.351); p=0.002], the habit of washing hands after defecate [RR=3.2; 95% CI (1.787-5.809); p=0.0001], nail hygiene [RR=2.8 CI 95% (1.415-5.546); p=0.002], consumption of vegetables [RR=0.3; CI 95% (0.179-0.577); p=0,0001], vegetables are washed in the river [RR=0.4; CI 95% (0.222-0.837); p=0.012]. Determinant factors of Taeniasis and cysticercosis were education level, hand washing, nail hygiene, consumption of vegetables, washing vegetables in the river and consumption of roasted meat. It is crucial to provide education to community about clean,healthy behavior, and consumption of cooked meat

IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL MUTATION IN PROTEASE AND REVERSE TRANCRIPTASE INHIBITOR IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 OF HIV/AIDS PATIENTS IN MIMIKA REGENCY, PAPUA

Treatment with RT Inhibitors has been used as first line program in Mimika. Regular use of antiretroviral drugs can lower the amount of the virus, but after that HIV can become resistant to the drugs given. Viral resistance to the drugs can occur because of a mutation. If the resistance-associated mutations occur in the DNA of the virus, then the ARV provided will no longer be effective. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of resistance-associated mutations in DNA fragment that encodes the protease and reverse transcriptase. This study used cross sectional design with 84 subjects who had received antiretroviral for > 6 months. The study was conducted in Mitra Masyarakat Mimika Hospital. Laboratory process included extraction, RT-PCR, electrophoresis and sequencing. Data analysis used resistance interpretation algorithms in HIV Database. Results showed that 1 subject who did not receive protease therapy was identified as having minor mutation L10V, 1 subjects receiving NRTI inhibitors had mutation M184V motive and 1 subjects with M41L motive and 1 subjects who received NNRTI inhibitor therapy identified as having mutated Y181C and V108I motive. In conclusion, mutant HIV-1 related to ARV resistance has been identified in two subjects who had received antiretroviral therapy in Mitra Masyarakat Mimika Hospital

Body mass index increases CD4+ count in HIV/AIDS patients on first-line therapy

Background The body mass index (BMI) may contribute somewhat to drug metabolism, thus affecting the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). CD4+ counts   in people infected with HIV are essential in determining the stage of the disease, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections and evaluating treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the association of BMI and clinical stage with CD4+ counts in HIV patients seeking treatment using first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods An analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 251 HIV/AIDS patients who had received first-line antiretrovirals over six months. BMI, clinical staging according to WHO and CD4 + were collected. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between BMI, clinical stage and CD4+. Results Among the enrolled patients, the median age was 36 years, 135 (55%) of the patients was female, 102 (40.6%) was overweight/obese, 161 (64.1%) was in stage 3 of the disease, and the median CD4+ count was 389 cells/mm3. Multiple linear regression test showed two variables with a significant effect on CD4+ count, namely BMI (B=69.247; 95 % CI : 42.886-95.608) and clinical stage (B=61.590; 28.910-94.270). BMI was the most influencing factor for CD4+ count (β=0.307) compared to clinical stage (β=0.216). Conclusions Body mass index was the most influencing factor for CD4 + counts of HIV/AIDS patients. Regular ART can increase CD4+ counts and maintain the health of HIV/AIDS patients

Gambaran Terapi Antiretroviral Pada Orang Dengan HIV/ AIDS di Manokwari, Fak-Fak dan Kota Sorong, Papua Barat

Antiretroviral therapy is used to suppress the HIV in People Living with HIV AIDS (PLWHA). This improves the life quality and prevents AIDS’s mortality. Manokwari, Fak-Fak and Sorong had high HIV AIDS cases in West Papua. The study’s aim was to overview the antiretroviral therapy by identifiying the adherence, clinical, and immunological condition of PLWHA in these 3 sites during August to October 2019. This was a cross sectional study. Respondents were 221 PLWHA, who receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, male and female aged ≥15 years old. Data collections were through interviews, medical records, measurement and laboratory examinations. The data were processed statistically univariate and bivariate. Majority of respondents from all sites were 15-45 years old, women, married, senior high school-university graduated, employee, Papuan, no tuberculosis, stage 3-4 of HIV at beginning of therapy, normal Body Mass Index (BMI), CD4 + cell ≥350 cells/mm.³ The proportion of respondents with adherence ≥95% in Manokwari and Sorong were higher than in Fak-Fak, but the adherence in all sites were still not optimal yet. Most of respondents had good clinical and immunological conditions. There were relationship between tuberculosis, BMI, stage of HIV at beginning of therapy, and adherence to CD4 + counts after therapy. Keywords: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, adherence, clinical condition, CD4 + , West Papua Abstrak Terapi antiretroviral digunakan untuk menekan HIV pada Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) karena mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan mencegah kematian karena AIDS. Manokwari, Fak-Fak dan Kota Sorong memiliki kasus HIV AIDS tinggi di Papua Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan terapi antiretroviral dengan mengidentifikasi kepatuhan pengobatan, kondisi klinis, dan imunologis ODHA di 3 lokasi tersebut pada Agustus sampai Oktober 2019. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Responden sebanyak 221 ODHA dengan kriteria sedang terapi minimal 6 bulan, laki-laki dan perempuan berusia di atas 15 tahun. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari wawancara, rekam medis, pengukuran dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Data diolah univariat dan bivariat secara statistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan mayoritas responden dari semua lokasi penelitian berusia 15-45 tahun, perempuan, menikah, pendidikan SLTA-Pendidikan Tinggi, bekerja, asli Papua, tidak ada tuberkulosis, sakit HIV stadium 3 dan 4 di awal terapi, Indeks Massa Tubuh normal, memiliki CD4 + ≥350 sel/mm³. Proporsi responden dengan tingkat kepatuhan ≥95% di Manokwari dan Sorong lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Fak-Fak, namun kepatuhan terapi di Manokwari, Fak-Fak, dan Kota Sorong masih belum optimal. Kondisi klinis serta imunologis sebagian besar responden relatif baik. Ada hubungan antara sakit TB, Indeks Massa Tubuh, stadium sakit HIV di awal terapi, dan kepatuhan dengan jumlah CD4 + setelah terapi. Kata kunci: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, kepatuhan, kondisi klinis, CD4 + , Papua Barat