Effect Different Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus With and Without Probiotics Inclusion on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Jejunum Morphology of Broiler Chickens

اجريت الدراسة في حقل الطيور الداجنة التابع لقسم علم الحیوان، کلیة الزراعة، جامعة فردوسي، مشهد للفترة من 12/أغسطس/ 2018 إلى 26/ سبتمبر/2018. کان الهدف من هذة الدراسة هو لتقییم تأثير ادراج المعزز الحيوي (Probiotics)  في اداء النمو، خصائص الذبيحة و مورفولوجيا الامعاء لدى فروج اللحم التي تعاني من نقص الكالسيوم (Ca) و الفسفور المتاح  (avP).  تم استخدام 1440 فرخا بعمر يوم واحد من سلالة (Ross)، في اليوم الاول تم تقسيم الطيور بشکل عشوائي الى اربع معاملات. (1) معاملة السيطرة اذ احتوت علی (0.96% کالسیوم و 0.48% فسفور متاح) حسب توصیات الدلیل الارشادي لسلالة (Ross)، (2) Low1 (0.864% کالسیوم و 0.432% فسفور متاح)، (3) Low2 (0.768% کالسیوم و 0.384% فسفور متاح) و (4) Low3 (0.672% کالسیوم و 0.336% فسفور متاح). احتوت كل معاملة على 36 مكررا و 12 فرخا لكل مكرر باستثناء معاملة السيطره اذ احتوت على 12 مكررا و 12 فرخا لكل مكرر. في اليوم الحادي عشر من  العمر تم تقسيم كل معاملة من معاملات منخفضة الكالسيوم و الفسفور الى ستة مجاميع و كانت كالاتي(low1، low2 و  low3مع المعزز الحيوي) او (low1، low2 و  low3بدون المعزز الحيوي).  تم استخدام التصميم العشوائي الكامل في التصميم التجريبي.  اظهرت النتائج بعدم وجود اختلافات معنوية بين المعاملات بالنسبة للزيادة الوزنية و استهلاك العلف، بينما تاثرت كفاءة تحويل العلف بمستويات الكالسيوم و الفسفور مع او بدون المعزز الحيوي. اذ تحسنت نسبة تحويل العلف في الطيور التي تغذت على علائق منخفضة الكالسيوم و الفسفور المتاح او الطيور المغذاة على علائق منخفضة الكالسيوم و الفسفور المتاح + المعزز الحيوي عند مقارنتها مع تلك التي تغذيت على عليقة السيطرة (P<.0001). كذلك لم تؤثر المعاملات الغذائية في الوزن النسبي للاجزاء و الاعضاء الداخلیة للذبيحة (P>0.05). بالإضافة إلى ذلك، هناك تحسن واضح في ارتفاع الزغابة، عمق الكريبت و نسبة ارتفاع الزغابة الى عمق الكريبت في الطيور المغذاة على علائق منخفضة الكالسيوم والفسفور مع المعزز الحيوي عند مقارنتها مع الطيور المغذاة على علائق منخفضة الكالسيوم  و الفسفور بدون المعزز الحيوي. في الختام، ان من الممكن خفض مستويات الكالسيوم و الفسفور الغذائية بنسبة 10%، 20% و 30% خلال مرحلتي النمو و النهائية دون التأثير على أداء النمو، خصائص الذبيحة، الاعضاء الداخلية و التشكيل المعوي. ايضا لم يؤثر اضافة المعزز الحيوي على الصفات المدروسة اعلاه باستثناء التشكيل المعوي.  البحث مستل من اطروحة الدكتوراه للباحث الاولThis study was conducted at the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, for the period from 12/8/2018 to 26/9/2018. The object of this study was to evaluate the impact of the inclusion of probiotics (Pro) on growth performance, carcass traits, and jejunum morphology in broiler chickens that suffering from calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (avP) deficiency. A total of 1440 1-d-old broilers chicks (Ross 308) were used, on the first day, birds were randomly allotted to one of the 4 treatments: (1) control diet (0.96% Ca and 0.48% avP) as recommended by the Ross 308 strain guidelines; (2) Low1 (0.864 % Ca and 0.432% avP); (3) Low2 (0.768 % Ca and 0.384% avP); and (4) Low3 (0.672 % Ca and 0.336% avP). Each treatment contained on 36 replicates and 12 chicks for each replicate except the control treatment as it contained on 12 replicates and 12 chicks for replicate. On 11 d, each treatment of low Ca and avP treatments, except control treatment, were divided into the following six groups (low1, low2 and low3 with probiotics( or (low1, low2 and low3 without probiotics). The completely randomized design was used in the experimental design. The results showed no significant differences among treatments in terms of weight gain and feed intake, while the feed conversion ratio was impacted by low-calcium and phosphorus with or without probiotics. Where the feed conversion ratio has improved in the birds fed the Low Ca and avP diets or birds fed the Low-Ca avP+Pro diets when compared with those fed the control group (P<.0001). Dietary treatments did not affect the relative weight of parts and internal organs of the carcass (P>0.05). Additionally, the villus height, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio were improved in birds that fed low-calcium and phosphorus diets with Probiotics when compared with birds that fed low-calcium and phosphorus diets without probiotics. In conclusion, it is possible to decrease dietary Ca and avP levels by 10%, 20%, and 30% during the grower and finisher phases without affecting growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, and intestinal morphology. Also, the addition of probiotics did not affect the traits studied above except for morphology intestinal. Research paper from the Ph.D. thesis for the first autho

Botanical criteria of Baharkish Rangeland in Quchan, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran

Rangelands are natural ecosystems containing a range of resources of genetic diversity and numerous plant species and its evaluation has always been essential. However, biodiversity is one of the most important components of habitat assessment and the identification and introduction of the flora of an area is one of the significant operations that can be used in order to optimize the utilization of the available natural resources. Baharkish rangeland is located at a distance of about 60 km south of the city of Quchan. The rangeland’s average elevation is about 2069 m above sea level, with its lowest at 1740 m and highest at 2440 m. Baharkish rangland in over a ten year period had the average annual rainfall of 337 mm and 998.2 mm evaporation as well as average annual temperature of 9.4°C, respectivelly. The results of the research conducted in the spring of 2014, showed that the total study area includes 77 species from 22 families with Poaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae and Brassicaceae being the dominant families with 18%, 13%, 12%, 9%, 8% and 6% respectively. Classification of life form according to Raunkiaer method showed the dominance of the hemicryptophytes with the greatest abundance 41%, followed by Chamaephytes, Therophytes, Geophytes, Phanerophytes and Cryptophyte with 25%, 23%, 4%, 4% and 3% of species were the dominant life forms of the area. In terms of geographical distribution, the Irano-Turanian plant species with 64% obtained the maximum value.Keywords: Flora, Geographical distribution, Life form, Raunkiae

Scalp metastasis of cervical cancer with favorable outcome

Introduction: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the most common gynecological malignancies in developing countries. Human papilloma virus is known as the main etiology. In addition, the spread of uterine cervical cancer often occurs through direct local extension and the lymphatics although the hematogenous spread is uncommon. Further, the scalp metastasis of cervical cancer is extremely rare. Case Presentation: In this regard, a 50-year-old woman with scalp metastasis of previous cervical cancer was discussed in the present study. She was suffering from a fast-growing and painful nodule, located on the frontal part of the scalp as a sole site of metastasis. A multidisciplinary approach was considered for her, which consisted of radical excision, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Given the lack of abundant evidence for the efficacy of this treatment, our patient has fortunately survived for more than two years. Conclusions: During the follow-up period after the completion of treatment, it is not sensible to only focus on the primary site of the tumor and thus entire examination is mandatory in this regard. © 2020 The Author(s)

The Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Performance and Blood Metabolites of Broiler Chicks

The effect of lavender essential oil (LEO) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites was examined in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (control diet, virginiamycin 10% (50 ppm) and 3 diets containing 150, 250, 350 ppm lavender essential oil) and 5 replications in a period of 42-days. No significant differences were noticed for feed intake between the treatments. Birds receiving diet containing 350 ppm LEO showed the highest weight gain and the control diet lowest weight gain. From weeks 3 to 6, the feed conversion ratio was significantly better in the group receiving 350 ppm LEO than other groups. There were no significant differences between treatments for serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, mortality and carcass characteristics at the end of experiment. The diet with 350 ppm LEO increased serum calcium level significantly (P< 0.05). These results showed that LEO could be considered as a potential natural growth promoter for broiler chickens. It appears that the response may be dose-related and higher levels may be needed to elicit this response. However, more experiments are needed in this content

The effect of grape seed extract and vitamin C feed supplementation on some blood parameters and HSP70 gene expression of broiler chickens suffering from chronic heat stress

In this experiment, the effect of hydroalcoholic grape seed extract (GSE) and vitamin C feed supplementation on some blood parameters and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70 gene) expression of broiler chickens suffering from chronic heat stress was investigated. Experimental diets included control diet (with no additive), 3 levels of GSE (150, 300, 450 mg/kg), and one level of vitamin C (300 mg/kg). Each diet was fed to 5 replicates of 12 male chicks each, from d 1 to 42. The birds suffered from chronic daily heat stress under 34±1°C temperature with 65 to 70% relative humidity for 5 h from 29 to 42 d of age. Results showed that 300 mg/kg GSE supplementation increased body weight of broilers both before and after heat stress condition (at 28 and 42 d, respectively). Also, birds fed 300 mg GSE/kg diet had higher European production efficiency factor during the whole period of the experiment. Supplementation of GSE decreased the concentration of serum glucose at 28 and 42 d; at 42 d (during heat stress condition) and at 450 mg/kg diet it decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, lowand very low density lipoprotein concentration of serum blood. Vitamin C supplementation decreased serum cholesterol concentration of broilers suffering from heat stress. HSP70 gene expression in heart and liver of broilers reduced by GSE and vitamin C supplementation pre- and during chronic heat stress condition

The Effect of Organic Acid and Desiccated Ox Bile Supplementation on Performance, Fat Digestibility, Blood Metabolites and Ileal Digesta Viscosity of Broiler Chickens Fed Tallow

In order to study the effect of different levels of desiccated ox bile (DOB; 0.00, 0.25, and 0.50%) and organic acid (OA; 0.00, 0.15, and 0.30% of the diet) on performance, fat digestibility, blood metabolites and ileal digesta viscosity in broiler chickens fed diets containing 5% tallow, in a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement and 4 replicates in each treatment, 360 day-old Ross male broiler chickens were used. The isocaloric and isonitrogenous starter and grower diets were fed ad libitum to chickens from 0-21 and 21-42 days of age, respectively. Feed intake (FI), body weight gains (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was measured for starter (7-21d) and grower periods (21-42 days of age). Chromic oxide at the rate of 3 g/kg was added to experimental diets to determine fat digestibility at 19-21 and 40-42 days of age. Serum cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and ileal digesta viscosity were measured at 21 and 42 days of age. Addition of DOB significantly increased BWG during 7 to 42d of age and FCR during 7 to 21 was improved. Although fat digestibility significantly increased by supplemental 0.50% DOB and 0.15% OA in the starter period, no interaction was observed between dietary DOB and OA for these parameters. Dietary OA had no effect on blood parameters, but supplemental 0.50% DOB significantly increased blood chemistry. Interaction between DOB and OA showed an increasing effect in Chol and TG at 42 days of age. Digesta viscosity was remained unchanged by dietary treatments. The results of this study indicated that supplementation of DOB in the diet significantly increased BWG and measured blood metabolites. Dietary supplementation of DOB increased fat digestibility of the birds fed diet containing 5% tallow

Effect of Harvesting Date on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Seedless Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) Fruit

Abstract\ud Seedless Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is one of the endemic and valuable shrubs that grow as a garden crop only in Iran. In order to study the effect of different harvesting dates (9 September, 1 October, 22 October and 12 November) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seedless Barberry, an experiment was carried out based on Complete Randomized Block Design with 3 replications at the Southern Khorasan province in 2008. Results showed that different harvesting dates had a significant effect on fresh fruit yield with branch, fresh fruit yield without branch, branch fresh weight, dry fruit yield, 100 fresh fruit weight, 100 dry fruit weight, pH, brix, acidity and anthocyanin index. The highest and the lowest fresh and dry fruit yield were obtained at final harvesting date (12 November). Moreover, with delaying in harvesting date the brix, pH and anthocyanin index were increased but acidity was decreased. The result of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive correlation between pH and soluble solids content in extract. But correlation coefficient between pH and acidity was negative. Furthermore, correlation of anthocyanin with brix and pH was positive and its correlation with acidity was negative. Our results showed that the best harvesting date was 12 November that improved qualitative and quantitative indexes of seedless barberry for the studied region.\ud \ud Keywords: Berberis vulgaris, Harvest date, pH, Brix, Acidity, Anthocyani

Effects of Mint Powder on Microbial Population, Carcass Characteristics and Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Wheat

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mint powder added to diet with different levels of wheat on performance, microbial population and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 384 Ross male broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design in a 4×2 factorial arrangement with 4 replicates (floor pens) and 12 birds each. Birds were fed diets containing two levels of ground mint (0 and 2%) and four levels of wheat (0, 10, 15 and 20%) during 7- 42 days of age. The results indicated that supplementation of mint powder and dietary wheat levels had no significant effect on body weight, gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens during experimental period. Feeding diets supplemented with mint powder did not significantly affect the length of small and large intestines. Broilers fed diets supplemented with mint powder had significantly lower total aerobic bacterial count as well as coliform count in the ileal contents. However, the number of lactobacilli was not significantly affected by the mint supplement. Significantly interaction between mint powder and wheat was observed in ileum microflora, total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and lactobacillus

Response of broiler chickens to calcium and phosphorus restriction: Effects on growth performance, carcase traits, tibia characteristics and total tract retention of nutrients

This study evaluated the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP) restriction on growth performance, nutrients retention (ATTR), serum metabolites, and tibia in broiler chickens. A total of 720 one-day-old Ross-308 broilers were used in this study. Broilers were fed with 0 (control), 10 (L1), 20 (L2), and 30% (L3) aP-deficient starting (ST) diets during 1–10 days. In ST period, control included 6 and others included 18 replicates of 12 chicks. In post-starter (PST) period, control was still fed with standard diets, while restricted groups were divided into 3 groups and fed with L1, L2, and L3 diets. Each PST treatment included 6 replicates of 12 chicks. Data were analysed using a completely randomised design in a 1 (control)+3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Factors included aP levels in ST and PST diets. Results showed that L3 diet decreased feed intake and weight gain but increased ATTR of Ca in starter phase in compare with control group (p<.05). Retarded growth of birds was compensated in post-starter phase. The Ca, P and ALP levels in blood serum were not significantly influenced by aP levels on day 10 and day 42. The ATTR of Ca and tP on day 42, were higher in birds fed L3 diets than L2 or L1 groups (p<.05). The main effect of L3 group in both ST and PST, decreased (p<.05) tibia ash, Ca, and P in compare with L1 group. Main effect of post-starter L3 group had lowest femur breaking strength (p=.007). In general, restriction in dietary aP increased nutrients ATTR, impaired bone mineralisation and strength without affecting growth performance.HIGHLIGHTS Phosphorus is one of the most important environmental pollutants that is excreted through broilers manure. Birds exposed to aP and Ca restriction increased the retention of these minerals. Dietary aP and Ca restriction impaired bone mineralisation and strength