Non-classical forms of pemphigus: pemphigus herpetiformis, IgA pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus and IgG/IgA pemphigus

The pemphigus group comprises the autoimmune intraepidermal blistering diseases classically divided into two major types: pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceous. Pemphigus herpetiformis, IgA pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus and IgG/IgA pemphigus are rarer forms that present some clinical, histological and immunopathological characteristics that are different from the classical types. These are reviewed in this article. Future research may help definitively to locate the position of these forms in the pemphigus group, especially with regard to pemphigus herpetiformis and the IgG/ IgA pemphigus.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Dermatology DepartmentUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Dermatology and Pathology DepartmentsUNIFESP, EPM, Dermatology DepartmentUNIFESP, EPM, Dermatology and Pathology DepartmentsSciEL

Regulation of MicroRNA Biogenesis: A miRiad of mechanisms

microRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that influence diverse biological functions through the repression of target genes during normal development and pathological responses. Widespread use of microRNA arrays to profile microRNA expression has indicated that the levels of many microRNAs are altered during development and disease. These findings have prompted a great deal of investigation into the mechanism and function of microRNA-mediated repression. However, the mechanisms which govern the regulation of microRNA biogenesis and activity are just beginning to be uncovered. Following transcription, mature microRNA are generated through a series of coordinated processing events mediated by large protein complexes. It is increasingly clear that microRNA biogenesis does not proceed in a 'one-size-fits-all' manner. Rather, individual classes of microRNAs are differentially regulated through the association of regulatory factors with the core microRNA biogenesis machinery. Here, we review the regulation of microRNA biogenesis and activity, with particular focus on mechanisms of post-transcriptional control. Further understanding of the regulation of microRNA biogenesis and activity will undoubtedly provide important insights into normal development as well as pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer

(SHM)-H-2 in Some European Countries

This paper compiles and describes the national initiatives and projects on Seismic Structural Health Monitoring ((SHM)-H-2) active in a number of European countries. Sensors networks and typical layouts, data processing techniques and policies adopted for the management of alerts are described for the different national programs. The different policies adopted for the access to data are also described. Applications to buildings, bridges or cultural heritage constructions are used to describe in detail the seismic SHM systems installed in Italy, France, Greece and Portugal.This work was partially funded by the Italian Civil Protection Department within project DPC‐RELUIS 2017‐2018. RESIF is a national research infrastructure managed by the RESIF Consortium, composed of 18 research institutions and universities in France. RESIF is also supported by a public grant, supervised by the French national research agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” programme (reference: ANR-11-EQPX-0040) and the French Ministry for an Ecological and Solidary Transition. RAP national building array programme was launched thanks to funding from the environment ministry, Martinique regional council, Grenoble city council and the Pyrenees regional agency for development (DDT65). During its research efforts, ITSAK has collaborated with various scientists from the Civil Engineering Dpts. of the Aristotle University, the Dpt. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, the and the Bridge Maintenance Dpt. of Egnatia Odos S.A. Their particular contributions are noted in the respective literature. Many thanks are also due to the Institute’s technical staff, for their invaluable contribution in the instrumentation efforts and the proper maintenance of the electronic equipment