A Review of Tsunami Hazards in the Makran Subduction Zone

The uncertain tsunamigenic potential of the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) has made it an interesting natural laboratory for tsunami-related studies. This study aims to review the recent activities on tsunami hazard in the Makran subduction zone with a focus on deterministic and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments. While almost all studies focused on tsunami hazard from the Makran subduction thrust, other local sources such as splay faults and landslides can be also real threats in the future. Far-field tsunami sources such as Sumatra-Andaman and Java subduction zones, commonly lumped as the Sunda subduction zone, do not seem to pose a serious risk to the Makran coastlines. The tsunamigenic potential of the western segment of the MSZ should not be underestimated considering the new evidence from geological studies and lessons from past tsunamis in the world. An overview of the results of tsunami hazard studies shows that the coastal area between Kereti to Ormara along the shoreline of Iran-Pakistan and the coastal segment between Muscat and Sur along Oman's shoreline are the most hazardous areas. Uncertainties in studying tsunami hazard for the Makran region are large. We recommend that future studies mainly focus on the role of thick sediments, a better understanding of the plates interface geometry, the source mechanism and history of extreme-wave deposits, the contribution of other local tsunamigenic sources and vulnerability assessment for all coastlines of the whole Makran region

Late Tortonian - Piacenzian multi-proxy record of Asian southwest monsoon intensification: Evidence from Coastal Makran, SE Iran

This study presents a long-term, multi-proxy reconstruction of Asian southwest monsoon during the Tortonian to Piacenzian based on a 4.78 Ma record from Coastal Makran, NW Gulf of Oman in SE Iran. Integration of humidity proxies (clay minerals, Th/K, volume magnetic susceptibility and grain size analysis), marine redox- sensitive (Th/U), total organic matter (TOM), carbonate content, 87Sr/86Sr, and spectral-gamma ray conducted here provide valuable information that fill the existing gap in marine palaeoclimate records during the studied period within the region. The results show that a strong winter monsoon condition associated with relatively low precipitation and subsequently low physical and chemical weathering dominated the region during the late Tortonian- late Messinian (7.65 to 5.83 Ma). A few episodes of intense physical and chemical weathering related to high precipitation, however, is observed during this period (6.23 and 6.01 Ma) consistent with increased organic matter input from continental reservoirs to the Oceans. In addition, latest Messinian (5.82 to 5.33 Ma) to Zanclean- Piacenzian (5.33 to 2.87 Ma) is indicated with a strong summer monsoon accompanied with a relatively wetter condition and higher physical and chemical weathering that resulted in the high detrital input into the basin. This higher weathering period is associated with the highest rate of Himalayan uplifting that caused the enhanced precipitation. Using Wavelet analysis of spectral gamma-ray, revealed notable periodicities at 750 Ka and 1.7 Ma with signiďŹ cant periodicities centered around 5.75 to 6.03 Ma over the latest Messinian- Zanclean. Comparison with palaeoclimate archives from other sites, points to a teleconnection with respect to precipitation, weathering and productivity especially during Messinian- Zanclean transition.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Abstracts of The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium

This abstract book contains abstracts of the various research ideas presented at The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium.The RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium served as a perfect venue for practitioners, engineers, researchers, scientists, managers and decision-makers from all over the world to exchange ideas and technology about the latest innovation developments dealing with risk minimization