Association of dietary patterns with sociodemographic and health-related factors among Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients

This study aimed to identify the association of dietary patterns with sociodemographic and health-related characteristics among coronary artery disease patients. In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 250 patients coronary artery disease aged ≥ 40 years old. Data collection was done using questionnaires related to sociodemographics, health-related factors, and food-frequency intake information. Three dietary patterns (traditional, western, and healthy) were obtained using principal component analysis. The result showed that dietary patterns were associated with sociodemographic and health-related factors. According to the result, all the factors were taken very seriously when planning a promotional program for healthy lifestyle in prevention of CAD

Association of dietary patterns with socio-demographic, lifestyle, weight status and biochemical profiles among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a special Medical Center, Tehran Iran

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the dietary patterns and their association with socio-demography, lifestyle, weight status and biochemical profiles among type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects and to determine the significant predictors of dietary patterns. Three hundred subjects aged 30 years and above with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected for this study. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured and body mass index and waist hip ratio calculated. Biochemical profiles were investigated from past medical history records including glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. For each subject, a physical activity level in weekly metabolic equivalent hours were calculated using International Physical Activity Questionnaire. To measure the dietary intake of the subjects, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire consisting 105 food items was used. The subjects were interviewed on how often they had consumed each of the food items throughout the preceding month to the study period. The frequency intake per day was obtained from the amount of food that was intake each day. The portion sizes of food were estimated to gram with using household measurements. Total energy intake was calculated by summing up energy intake from all foods. Because of the large number of the food items relative to the number of participants, each food was assigned item into 1 of 23 defined food groups. The basis for placing a food item in a certain food group was the similarity of nutrients. Some food items were considered individually as a food group because their nutrient profiles were unique (e.g., eggs, and tea). Three factors (dietary patterns) were identified using factor analysis. Factor 1 was characterized by higher intake of fruit, fish, poultry, low fat dairy, green leafy vegetables, tomato, yellow vegetables, other vegetables, and olive oil and was labeled as vegetables and poultry dietary pattern, Factor 2 was labeled as western dietary pattern which was heavily loaded with legumes, sweets, egg, fish, high fat dairy product, French fries, potatoes, pizza, yellow vegetables. Factor 3 was labeled as mixed dietary pattern with high intake of refined grain, fruits, nuts, tea, whole grains, red meat and olive. Using the multivariate regression model, the factors which contribute significantly to vegetable and poultry dietary pattern in diabetic patients were waist circumference (b=-0.022, p=0.000), low physical activity (b= -0.377, p=0.01), male (b= -0.295, p=0.01), total energy (b=0.001, p=0.000), and body mass index (b= -0.032, p=0.02). The significant factors accounted in the western dietary pattern as moderate physical activity (b= 0.773, p=0.000), male (b=0.436, p=0.001), total cholesterol (b= 0.003, p=0.008), total energy (b=0.000, p=0.001), non-smoker (b= 0.621, p=0.002),uneducated (b= -0.371, p=0.02), single (b= -0.775, p=0.005), fasting blood glucose (b=0.002, p=0.013). In addition, the results, related to mixed dietary pattern, showed that family history of diabetes mellitus (b=0.349, p=0.003), total energy (b=0.001, p=0.000) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (b=0.01, p=0.002), moderate physical activity (b=-0.39, p=0.03), waist circumference (b=-0.02, p=0.001), body mass index (b=0.03, p=0.01) as well as low density lipoprotein cholesterol (b=-0.003, p=0.04) were significantly associated with mixed dietary pattern. As a conclusion, these findings showed that dietary patterns are influenced by interrelated factors such as socio-cultural, demographic, and lifestyle, which may be important for designing public health nutrition policy and preventive nutrition intervention programs to tackle further diabetes complications among Iranians

Association of dietary pattern with biochemical blood profiles and bodyweight among adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tehran, Iran

Background: This study was conducted to identify dietary patterns and evaluated their association with biochemical blood profiles and body weight among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 400 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tehran from March to August 2013. Biochemical blood profiles, socio-demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, and dietary data were obtained. Dietary data from food frequency questionnaire were used to derive dietary patterns. Factor analysis was conducted to ascertain the dietary patterns, and analysis of covariance was fitted to assess the relation between blood profiles, body weight and adherence to dietary patterns. Results: Three dietary patterns by factor analysis were identified, Vegetable & Poultry, Western and Semi-healthy. After control for potential confounders, body mass index (b = −0/03, p < 0.05) were negatively associated with vegetable and poultry dietary pattern. Conversely, total cholesterol (b = 0.004, p < 0.01) and fasting blood glucose (b = 0.014, p < 0.05) were positively associated with western dietary pattern. A dietary pattern labeled as semi-healthy pattern was found to be positively related to HDL-cholesterol (b = 0.006 p < 0.01). Associations between semi-healthy pattern, LDL-cholesterol (b = −0.120 p < 0.05) and waist circumference (b = −0.020, p < 0.05) were negative. Conclusion: Adherence to Vegetable & Poultry dietary pattern was favorably related to body weight, semi healthy related to lower LDL and higher HDL cholesterol whereas western related to higher fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol. Further studies are necessary to confirm the benefits of the dietary patterns for diabetes

Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with dietary patterns among adults with type 3 diabetes mellitus in Tehran, Iran

This study aimed to assess the dietary patterns among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Tehran, Iran, and their association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. In a cross-sectional study, 400 male and female subjects aged between 40–60 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected. Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics and dietary intake were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. To determine the dietary patterns, factor analysis was carried out, and to assess the association between socio-demographic and lifestyle factors to dietary patterns, analysis of covariance was performed. Three dietary patterns were found. These patterns were labeled as “vegetable and poultry,” “Western” and “mixed.” In this study, the vegetable and poultry pattern was associated with being female, primary education, and hypertension. The Western pattern was associated with being male, non-smokers, and lower physical activity. The mixed pattern was associated with higher income and family history of diabetes. We found that socio-demographic and lifestyle factors of diabetic patients were different according to the dietary pattern type. Further studies are necessary to confirm the benefits of this pattern