Fractional 3/8-Simpson type inequalities for differentiable convex functions

The main objective of this study is to establish error estimates of the new parameterized quadrature rule similar to and covering the second Simpson formula. To do this, we start by introducing a new parameterized identity involving the right and left Riemann-Liouville integral operators. On the basis of this identity, we establish some fractional Simpson-type inequalities for functions whose absolute value of the first derivatives are s-convex in the second sense. Also, we examine the special cases $m = 1/2$ and $m = 3/8$, as well as the two cases $s = 1$ and $\alpha = 1$, which respectively represent the classical convexity and the classical integration. By applying the definition of convexity, we derive larger estimates that only used the extreme points. Finally, we provide applications to quadrature formulas, special means, and random variables

Physico-mechanical properties of phosphogypsum and black steel slag as aggregate for bentonite-lime based materials

This study aim to valorizing phosphogypsum (PG) and steel slag (Sc) in geotechnical applications by incorporating them in bentonite (B) stabilized by lime (L). Mineralogical (XRD), spectroscopic (IR-FTIR), geotechnical (Atterberg limits) analyzes were carried out on the raw material. Resistance to axial compression (UCS) was performed on cylindrical specimens prepared for mixtures B-L, B-L-PG, B-L-PG-Sc and cured for 3, 7, 15 and 28 days. The results obtained revealed that the mechanical strength increases with the addition of PG, and reaches its maximum value for a water content equal to 46%. Slag improves the strength of the B-L-PG mixture. The pH and the electrical conductivity of the solutions containing in porosity of the various mixtures decrease over time. The observed decrease is greatest for B-L-PG and B-L-PG-Sc mixtures due to pozzolanic reactions

Physico-Chemical, Mineralogical Properties and Valorization of Bentonite Material from Iboughardain Area (North-Eastern Rif, Morocco): Application in Dyes Removal

This paper focuses on the characterization and valorization of Moroccan bentonite in dye removal. The stratiform Iboughardain deposit is located in Kert basin (Northeast Rif, Morocco), It is accessible via a tarred road connecting Nador-Seghanghan-Dar Kabdani at a distance of approximately 30 km from Nador. Its Lambert coordinates are X = 709.300, Y = 501.000 (topographic sheet Kebdani to 1/100.000). Bentonite outcrops occur as alterations of the lower horizontal layers of trachyandesite tuff and cinerite. This alteration is in contact with greenish Miocene marl. The mineralogy composition of the samples examined indicates the presence of various contents of montmorillonite and associated minerals such as feldspars and quartz. The mineralogy dominated by aluminosilicates is reflected in the chemical composition which shows high contents of SiO2 and Al2O3. The other oxides have moderate proportions. It is Fe2O3 (1.90 wt%), K2O (0.90 wt%), MgO (5.65 wt%), and MnO (0.07 wt%). Geotechnical results show that the sample is very plastic. Importantly, the experimental adsorption results clearly demonstrate that the clay from the Iboughardain region effectively clarifies the dyeing. The removal of methyl orange (CMO = 140 mg/l) was shown to be significant (98%) under activated bentonite compared to doped bentonite (B-TiO2 20%wt). In addition, the removal of methylene blue staining at a high concentration (CMB = 120 mg/l) was able to reach significant removals of 80 and 99.9% using raw and doped bentonite, respectively

Thermodynamics and kinetics of the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by raw kaolin

Remediation of contaminated water with organic dyes originated from variety of industrial processes deserves increased attention. Raw clay is an effective low-cost and eco-environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from solution. This study aims to determine kinetics and thermodynamics of MB adsorption onto raw kaolin clays (halloysite and kaolinite/illite) from northeast of Morocco. The apportion capacity of the two kaolin clays to adsorb the MB dye by varying temperature and pH conditions was studied. The thermodynamic parameters show that the sorption of MB is spontaneous and endothermic for halloysite-rich clay, whereas adsorption onto kaolinite/illite is inhibited by electrostatic exothermic effects and the sorption is thermodynamically unfavorable. The kinetic study showed that the adsorption capacity of MB on halloysite is greater than on kaolinite. The intraparticle diffusion process controls the adsorption reaction, and the kinetic is more important for halloysite

CHARACTERIZATION OF NEOGENE MARLS FROM THE KERT BASIN (N.E. MOROCCO): SUITABILITY FOR THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY

The North-Eastern region of Morocco is filled with marine marls of Neogene age. The Neogene marls from the lower-Kert area were characterized to evaluate their suitability in the ceramic industry. To meet this objective, two cross-sections involving all the Neogene facies were performed on the both banks of the Kert River. Grey and green marls occurring between sandstone and tuffs were characterized by mineralogical (XRD) and physico-chemical analyses (grain-size, Atterberg limits, XRF, and specific surface area). The studied Neogene clays are mainly calcareous silty marls with CaCO3 content ranging from 13 to 20 wt.%. The mineralogical composition showed the occurrence of quartz, calcite, feldspars, dolomite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and mixed-layers (10-14 Å). Cristobalite occurred only in the uppermost level of the green marls supplied from volcanic ash during the Messinian. Siderite and rhodochrosite occurred as traces pointing out to reducing or locally oxidizing conditions during sedimentation or shortly thereafter. There, marls have medium to high plasticity that is optimum for extrusion. Raw Neogene marls are suitable for structural clay products manufacturing. More specific uses were supported by geochemical results and grain-size distribution as hollow products, roofing tiles, and masonry bricks

Chemical characterization of oil from four Avocado varieties cultivated in Morocco

The notable growth in the use of avocado oil in the nutritional and cosmetic field was the main objective to valorize the oil production of important varieties of avocados existing in Morocco by analyzing its chemical composition in fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and its physico-chemical properties. Oleic acid is the main fatty acid in the oil; they constitute between 50 and 65% of the total fatty acids. The study of the unsaponifiable fraction revealed that avocado oil contains 3259.9–5378.8 mg/kg sterols and 113.13–332.17 mg/kg tocopherols. Chemo-metric tools were employed in manner optimization, such as principal component analysis, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, analysis of variance, and classification trees using Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector. Chemo-metric tools revealed a difference in the composition of fatty acid, sterols, and tocopherol of avocado oil samples. This difference resulted from a variety of avocado fruits. Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) method was efficient distinguishing avocado oil samples based on fruit variety using fatty acids, tocopherols, sterol compositions and total sterol. Principal component analysis (PCA) method allowed the distinction the set avocado oil dataset based on fruit varieties, supplied a correct discrimination rate of 95.44% for avocado fruit varieties using the fatty acid. Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) carried out using the same variables, also provided an acceptable classification rate of 50% for avocado fruit varieties using the total tocopherol content. Besides, a comparative study of the physico-chemical properties in terms of acidity index, saponification index, iodine index, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and methyl and ethyl esters was performed

Assessment of a Mining-Waste Dump of Galena Mine in the East of Morocco for Possible Use in Civil Engineering

Mining dumps, particularly inactive or abandoned mines located near makeshift mining towns, have significant environmental and social impacts. The Touissit-Boubker lead mine, operated for years by the Touissit Mining Company (CMT) and abandoned without rehabilitation, is an example of this socio-economic and environmental collapse. Large quantities of harmful solid waste containing clayey aggregates rich in lead sulphide have been dumped in dykes on the edge of the village of Touissit. These mining wastes were rewashed to extract galena causing a depletion of lead sulphide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using washed mining waste as sandy aggregate for the manufacture of masonry mortar. Cylindrical mortar tests, made with various proportions of sand and mine waste were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical analysis by uni-axial compressive strength after curing for 3, 14, 28 and 60 days. The results obtained revealed that the mining waste consists of dolomite, quartz and clay. The dehydration rate of the mortar specimens is strongly affected by the amount of the waste added and the grain size. The mechanical strength of the mortar specimens mostly depends on the grain-size of the aggregates than on the amount of mine waste added. The microstructure of the mortar did not change when sand was replaced by mine waste of the same

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phoenix dactilifera L. Seeds in Morocco with Antioxidant Activities Using Chemometrics

The phytochemical compounds and the antioxidant activity of ten varieties of Phoenix dactilifera L. seeds in Morocco were examined. The phytochemical screening was used to reveal the presence of some important compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins catechic, terpenoids, leucoanthocyanins, carotenoids, alkaloids, saponins and the absence of tanins Gallic and cardiac glycosids. The total phenolic content was ranged between 381.29±2.31 and 138.92±1.75 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of Extract, the total flavonoid content was between 163.53±1.82 and 46.74±1.26 mg quercetin equivalent/g Extract, and tanins were found from 95.87±2.08 to 24.20±1.45 mg catechin equivalent/g Extract. Indeed, the scavenging ability with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays recorded a low inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 1.52 to 4.78 µg/mL and from 18.90 to 46.62 µg/mL respectively. Likewise, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) assay showed a good reduction capacity of ferric ions ranged from 69.25 to 161.26 µg/mL

Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana)

Abstract Eight Moroccan avocado varieties were analyzed for their nutritional composition and physicochemical properties. The nutritional contents of the sample were determined through the evaluation of the moisture, oil, ash, protein, and carbohydrate contents, and energy value calculation. Additionally, macroelements (Ca, Mg, and Na) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) were determined in the mineral profile. Oils were examined also for their fatty acid, phytosterol, and tocopherol profiles. As a result of the study, the avocado presents significant differences between the eight studied varieties (p < 0.05), with regard to moisture content (57.88 g/100 g to 84.71 g/100 g), oil content (8.41 g/100 g to 57.88 g/100 g), ash (0.57 g/100 g to 1.37 g/100 g), protein content (5.7 g/100 g to 8.61 g/100 g), carbohydrate content (5.63 g/100 g to 14.61 g/100 g), and energy value (99.9 kcal/100 g to 316.8 kcal/100 g). Sodium (5783.01 mg/kg to 12,056.19 mg/kg) was the predominant macro-element in all varieties, followed by calcium (295.95 mg/kg to 531.67 mg/kg), and magnesium (246.29 mg/kg to 339.84 mg/kg). Copper (85.92 mg/kg to 112. 31 mg/kg) was the main microelement in all varieties, followed by iron (8.5 mg/kg to 20.32 mg/kg), and manganese (7.3 mg/kg to 18.45 mg/kg), while zinc (1.72 mg/kg to 5.66 mg/kg) was detected in small amounts. In addition, significant difference was observed in lipid profiles, according to the eight studied varieties (p < 0.05). Avocado oils were mainly composed of monounsaturated fatty acids (76.89 g/100 g to 84.7 g/100 g), with oleic acid (50.38 g/100 g to 71.49 g/100 g) standing out as particularly characteristic, while β-sitosterol (l2365.58 mg/kg to 4559.27 mg/kg), and α-tocopherol (30.08 mg/kg to 182.94 mg/kg) were among its major phytosterols and tocopherols. All avocado varieties represented in this study can be consumed as a fruit as an excellent source of energy, minerals, fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols. The regular consumption of this fruit provides the body with several essential nutrients