Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of Vibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus from Cockles (Anadara Granosa) in Malaysia

Antibiotic susceptibility, plasmid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic DNA were used to study strains of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles (Anadara granosa). 36 strains of V vuln(ficus isolates were examined. The prevalent biotype was biotype 1 (72.2% of the isolates) and 2 (27.8%). Twenty one strains of biotypes 1 and 2 harboured plasmid DNA ranging in size from 1.4 to 9.7 megaDalton. No particular plasmid profile was predictive of a particular pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. Two primers demonstrated polymorphisms in all strains tested, producing bands ranging from 0.25 to 2.7 kb, indicating a high variability among both biotypes 1 and 2 of the V vulnificus strains investigated. RAPD identity across biotypes was also observed among the V vulnificus strains. 35 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Kanagawa-negative strains were isolated.· Twenty six strains of V parahaemolyticus were carried small plasmid(s) of 1.3 to 9.7 MegaDalton that enabled the V. parahaemolyticus to be grouped into eight plasmid patterns. The RAPD fingerprinting using three primers demonstrated polymorphisms in all thirty-five strains of V. parahaemolyticus tested, producing bands ranging from 0.25 to 3.9 kb. The RAPD profiles revealed a high level of DNA sequence diversity within the V. parahaemolyticus strains tested, and that cockles in the study area are populated by genetically polymorphic strains of V. parahaemolyticus

NATURAL VARIATION IN FRUIT TRAITS OF WILD BAOBAB (Adansonia digitata L.) IN BLUE NILE STATE: AWAY FORWARD FOR SPECIES DOMESTICATION AND CONSERVATION IN SUDAN

The overall objective of this study was to distinguish and evaluate morphological variations in relation to locations of baobab fruits traits. The study was conducted in Blue Nile states Sudan 2015/2016. The morphological variation in fruits was evaluated by sampling fruits and assessing their characteristics. Five to twenty single trees were checking out randomly inside baobab location for the morphometric quantities (fruits) at different distances. Our first results point to there was high variety in fruit phenotypes. obovate, ovate, globose, fusiform, oblong, ellipsoid pointed, ellipsoid and spheroid emarginated fruit types were identified. Fruit shape was constant within each individual tree but was varied between trees. Results presented highly important differences (P?0.05) in fruit traits. The study findings revealed that spheroid emarginated fruit shape from Tolaba location was highly significant in term of fruit, seed and pulp weight, 407.00 ± 35.17 g, 187.07 ± 23.94g and 70.18 ± 6.23g respectively. Ovate fruit type was the most abundant (21 %), whereas spheroid emarginated and ellipsoid pointed shape was the least frequent (3%). The highly diversity found between locations is vital for domestication devotions and tree development through assortment and breeding candidate plus trees. Founded on the results documented, development of study doings on the practically unstudied baobabs in Blue Nile state, Sudan is greatly recommended

Prevalence of Pathogenic Vibrio SPP and Molecular Characterisation of Selected Vibrio Cholerae Serovars Isolated from Seafood in Malaysia

The global resurgence of cholera is an important public health challenge as the number of countries affected by this infection continues to increase. Cholera continues to be a major health challenge in Malaysia. To adequately control the infection requires a thorough understanding of its modes of transmission and implementing a comprehensive programme which takes into account not only the health aspect but also social, economic, behavioral and political dimension as well. The food-borne cholera and other pathogenic vibrios have not been thoroughly investigated in food in Malaysia. This study demonstrated the presence of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae 01, Vibrio cholerae 0139, Vibrio cholerae non-0l/0139 and other vibrios pathogenic to mankind, which were isolated from seafood marketed from wet-markets and supermarkets from different locations in Malaysia from July 1998 to June 1999. In this prevalence study, a total of 768 seafood samples were examined for the presence of pathogenic Vibrio species. A total of 431 of 768 (56.1%) seafood samples were contaminated with Vibrios. The frequencies of Vibrio contamination in seafood were: shrimp (Panaeus indicus) 58.6%, squids (Logio sp.) 44%, squids (Sepia sp. ) 60%, cockles (Anadara granosa) 82%, blue crabs (Callinectes sapiduy) 62%, Shellfish (Lithophaga ma/accana) 48% and peel mussels (Perna viridis) 24%. V. damsela and V. alginolyticus was the most frequently isolated species, followed by V. meschnikovii, V. jluvalis, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnijicus, V. cholerae and V. mimicus. Of the 433 shrimp samples examined, 35.5% (254/433) were found to be positive for Vibrio, which yielded 791 isolates of Vibrios. Thus, 68.2 (58/85), 62.2 (28/45), 88 (22/25), 96 (24/25), 25 (5/20) and 100% (48/48) of the samples obtained from Selayang, Kajang, Bangi in Selangor; Seremban in Negri Sembi Ian; Penang (North Peninsula Malaysia); and Kuching in Sarawak (on Borneo island) yielded 158, 74, 62, 68, 14, and 231 isolates of Vibrios, respectively. Examination of 185 shrimp samples from Serdang wet market in Selangor over a nine-month period gave a contamination rate of 37.2% with incidence for the months ranged from 15 to 40%

The contribution of Saghir Akhtar in pharmaceutical science

The objective ofthis chapter is to study the contribution ofSaghir Akhtar in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. The significance of this chapter explores the study done by Saghir Akhtar which is beneficial to pharmaceutical field. The methodology used in doing this research is library based research and most of data is collected from a pharmaceutical journal which is from a reliable sourc

Evidence acquisition in cloud forensics

In this paper, we present a performance comparison between different digital evidence acquisition protocols in the cloud-computing environment. We focus on data confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity issues

Effect of parametric design on the functional efficiency of administrative buildings case study

parametric design was the entrance of‏ the designer to inspire from nature to‏ achieve creativity and innovation in the form of the product, It provides a modern tool that‏ enabled the designer to deal with the forms, especially the complex one, and enhancing the designer\u27s‏ ability to creativity and innovation.‏ As a result, a new design style known‏ as parametricism has been emerged. It is a style‏ characterized by characteristics through the complexity and dynamics of its‏ curved lines, for its various components and elements.‏The aim of current study to know that to what extent the use of the parametricism can raise the functional efficiency of administrative buildings, by using modern administrative building as an example for modern parametric building through two approaches, first: determine the parametric properties for buildings that related to building design, technological systems used in the building, Building Management System, Facades and external surfaces design, materials for construction, lighting and ventilation systems. Second approach was studying the extent of users\u27 satisfaction using surveys, sight visits, and visual inspection, the results from these surveys showed that users preferred to use the parametric building over traditional buildings, because the parametric building has higher efficiency compared to traditional buildings, and in particular to administrative buildings because parametric buildings help to obtain more comfort and privacy Saving energy consumption. Hence, the importance of parametric design becomes clear as a modern tool for designing buildings to raise their efficiency and make the best use of environmental resource

معايير تحليل النص الشعري عند الإمام عبد القاهر الجرجاني

يتناول هذا البحث جانباً مهماً من: (معايير تحليل النص الشعري عند الإمام عبد القاهر الجرجاني)، والتي تركز على نقد وتحليل النص الشعري، وكيفية تذوقه، حيث كانت نظريات علم النقد في ذلك الوقت مرتبطة ارتباطاً مباشراً بفنون البلاغة، أي ما يسمى بنظرية النقد البلاغي، أو البلاغة النقدية. ويعتبر الإمام عبد القاهر الجرجاني من أشهر البلاغيين والنقّاد في القرن الرابع الهجري، ولعل من أشهر مؤلفاته البلاغيّة والنقدية، (أسرار البلاغة) و (دلائل الإعجاز). ومنهما انطلقت نظريته، نظرية النظم في القرآن الكريم، وأيضاً من هنا برزت آراؤه النقدية في نقد النص الأدبي، وخاصة في تحليل الشعر العربي ونقده، والوقوف على جوانب الإبداع فيه، ومواطن الإخفاق. ومن هذا المنطلق حاول أن يقدّم نظرية جمالية تذوّقية في النص الأدبي، خاصة الشعر، يربطها بالصياغة والخيال والذوق الفطري، وفكرة إدراك العلاقات في النص الأدبي، ودلالة الألفاظ على المعاني، ووقع الألفاظ، وتأثيرها في النفس من حيث الاختيار والصياغة. وكل هذا ارتكز على قواعد اللغة وفنون البلاغة، ووسائلها المختلفة في تجلية الأسلوب وصياغته، وفصاحته وبيانه. وتتعلق مشكلة البحث في كيفية فهم مقدرة الإمام عبد القاهر الجرجاني في نقد وتحليل النصوص الشعرية وطريقته في التذوق الفني للنص الشعري، وهو عمل يحتاج التعمق والبصيرة والإلمام بعلوم اللغة، وفنون البلاغة العربيّة. وتدور أسئلة البحث حول محور أساسي هو كيف يتعامل الإمام عبد القاهر الجرجاني في نقد وتحليل النص الأدبي، خاصة النص الشعري، وما الوسائل المستخدمة في تذوقه للنص الشعري؟ أمّا عن أهداف البحث فتكمن في استنباط طريقة مثلى في نقد النص الشعري، والوسائل المعينة على ذلك. وتفيد أهمية البحث أولئك الذين تخصصوا في مجال الدراسات النقدية بوصفها فكرة جديدة، وإسهام العالم الكبير المشهور، كما تقدم لطلبة النقد الأدبي وسيلة رائعة في تذوق وتحليل النص الشعري. ونحن هنا سوف نذكر الوسائل التي ساعدت الإمام عبد القاهر الجرجاني، وأعانته على نقد وتحليل النصوص الشعرية مقرونة ببعض النماذج الشعرية التي قام بتحليلها ونقدها

الأدب الإسلامي: مفهومه ومقاصده = al-Adab al-Islami: mafhumuh wa-maqasiduh (Islamic literature: concept and objectives)

إن الهدف من هذا البحث هو الوقوف عند الأدب الإسلامي من حيث أهميته، ومفهومه، ومقاصده، حيث وردت بعض الأسئلة التي تطرح نفسها في الساحة الأدبيّة، لماذا الأدب الإسلامي؟. أليس الأدب العربي إسلامي؟. ما مفهوم الأدب الإسلامي؟. ما أهميته؟. ما مقاصده؟. ولذا جاء هذا البحث لكي يجيب عن هذه التساؤلات. ويوضّح أن الأدب الإسلامي يحتل مكانة مرموقة؛ لأنه الأدب الفني الرقيق الذي يعبّر عن إحساس المسلم وعاطفته بكل صدق، ولأنه أدب القيم والمثل الذي يبني ويشيد، ويسمو بالأمم إلى منازل الرقي البشري الذي خصّ به الله – سبحانه وتعالى – الإنسان. ومنهج الباحث هو المنهج الاستقرائي، والمنهج التحليلي. ولهذا جاء البحث مستفتحا بمقدمة، وخمسة فصول، والتوصيات والمصادر والمراجع

دور مكتبة الوزير جنيد في جمع مخطوطات علماء نيجيريا وكتابة البحوث العلمية والرسائل الجامعية (Dawr Maktabat al-wazir Junayd fi jam'i makhtutat 'ulama' Nijiriya wa kitabat al-buhuth al-'ilmiyah wa al-rasa'il al-jami'iyah)

تناول البحث دور مكتبة الوزير جنيد في جمع مخطوطات علماء نيجيريا وكتابة البحوث العلمية والرسائل الجامعية، وهذه تؤكد مجهودات علماء نيجيريا، وما تركوه لنامن التراث العلمي الإسلامي القيم وما بذلوه من الجهود في إيجاد المخطوطات التي انتجتها قرائحهم العلمية، وكيف اعتنت مكتبة الوزير جنيد في القرن العشرين بجمعها بعد أن تعرض كثير منها للضياع، وقد لعبت تلك المخطوطات دورا في إبراز البحوث العلمية والرسائل الجامعي