Developing World Is Not the Only Custodian of Child Labor

The study attempts to look into the menace of the child labor around the contemporary world while also tracing its history. The study endeavors to find traces of child labor in the developing as well as developed world. The worst forms of child labor including armed conflict, trafficking, slavery, sexual exploitation, and hazardous work which absorb three-forth (3/4th) of the total child labor force. Menace of child labor continued either under inappropriate laws or unwilling implementers. The facts reveal that children’s having ages 7-14 years is 145,000 in Italy. Approximately 1.5 million child labor force is estimated in Italy. Although, unpleasant but child labor was considered desirable, at times.  Child labor is an established fact in Europe. Reasonable extent of child labor in Europe is not documented; however, 50% of rural child labor worked under 3 hours a day with only 18% worked more than 8 hours. Child labor is fundamentally dangerous as it adversely affects the child’s productive age. Keywords: Child labor; Developing countries; Developed world

Impact of Energy Crisis on Economic Growth of Pakistan

Energy plays vital role in growth of any economy. The study relates energy consumption with economic growth for Pakistan based on the sample data taken for the period of 1982-2011. Energy consumption is taken as independent and GDP as dependent variable. Data is analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation and regression tests. Descriptive statistics gives general summary and features of the data. Correlation results show the variables are strongly related to each other. While regression shows that if energy consumption increases by 1 kilo ton of oil equivalent, the GDP will increase by $2.517 million. These results identify how important energy consumption is for the economic growth of Pakistan. Government of Pakistan should focus on utilization of energy resources which in turn will smooth the way for economic growth

A Robust Variable Step Size Fractional Least Mean Square (RVSS-FLMS) Algorithm

In this paper, we propose an adaptive framework for the variable step size of the fractional least mean square (FLMS) algorithm. The proposed algorithm named the robust variable step size-FLMS (RVSS-FLMS), dynamically updates the step size of the FLMS to achieve high convergence rate with low steady state error. For the evaluation purpose, the problem of system identification is considered. The experiments clearly show that the proposed approach achieves better convergence rate compared to the FLMS and adaptive step-size modified FLMS (AMFLMS).Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 13th IEEE Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA 2017

Impact of Exchange Rate on FDI in Pakistan

The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) with exchange rate. The set of the determinants of FDI can be very large but exchange rate is one of the intense determinants. On the other hand, exchange rates have become extremely volatile due to its weakness to adapt to the changes in domestic and international financial markets. In this study, time series data have been used for foreign direct investment, exchange rate, GDP, imports, exports and inflation from 2003-2013 for Pakistan. After collection of data on above stated variables, several tests (multiple regression, descriptive statistics, and correlation) have been applied for the purpose of analysis in SPSS 20. The results squeezed from the study express that FDI is most probably associated with Rupee depreciation (ER). This research will help the managers, related organizations and future researchers to make or revise the further economic decisions.

Impact of Exchange Rate on FDI in Pakistan

The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) with exchange rate. The set of the determinants of FDI can be very large but exchange rate is one of the intense determinants. On the other hand, exchange rates have become extremely volatile due to its weakness to adapt to the changes in domestic and international financial markets. In this study, time series data have been used for foreign direct investment, exchange rate, GDP, imports, exports and inflation from 2003-2013 for Pakistan. After collection of data on above stated variables, several tests (multiple regression, descriptive statistics, and correlation) have been applied for the purpose of analysis in SPSS 20. The results squeezed from the study express that FDI is most probably associated with Rupee depreciation (ER). This research will help the managers, related organizations and future researchers to make or revise the further economic decisions. Keywords: China insurance industry, Foreign fund, Challeng

Determinants of Consumer preferences of Branded Goods: A Case Study of Selected Districts of Punjab Pakistan

The objective of the study was to analyze the determinants of consumer preferences for branded or non branded goods in Punjab (Pakistan). For this purpose two cities named Faisalabad, Mandibhaudin and two corresponding villages( Manget and Makkuana) were selected. Users of branded and open Tea were selected for the study and Binary Logit Model was used to draw conclusions. It was found that due to low income levels more percentage of consumers were using non branded low quality goods as they are cheaper. Results indicated that variable income, education, consumer loyalty, taste, quality, and advertisement were positively related to the choice of branded tea while price was negative related to the choice of branded tea. Hosmer-Lemeshow Statistics shows that model is good fit. Keywords: Consumer Preferences; Branded Goods; Logit Model; Hosmer-Lemeshow Test