Nizhny Julat Settlement in Kabardino-Balkaria

The recent publication of a monograph about Majar and Nizhny Julat did not reflect all available possibilities. The overlooked archaeological material and the possibility of other attribution of particular stratigraphic data demonstrate the artificial and at times erroneous origin of the name of the settlement as Nizhny Julat. One can consider the remains of the early medieval capital of Alanya - the city of Magas. Restored by the 14th century, the city became a major administrative and religious center not only with the Cathedral Mosque with a crypt under its floor and a Muslim cemetery around it. Several objects of Christian worship probably also indicate the existence of a church and a Christian community. During the years of the ‘Great Turmoil’, a wall of mud brick was built in the city at the site of fortifications demolished at the end of 1230–1240. The existing data on the material culture of the city are supplemented with information about previously unknown coin finds, fragments of celadon and stamped vessels, a lamp, an apothecary mortar made of brass, etc. The settlement existed until a later period after Timur's campaign of 1395

A Type of Spearheads of the 13th–14th Centuries from the Territory of the North Caucasus

A small group of large-size spearheads with ‘lugs’ in the lower part of the blade is introduced into scientific discourse. In terms of geography, the finds are stretched from the North-Western Caucasus to its north-eastern regions and the North-Western Caspian Sea. The finds, mainly dated to the Golden Horde period, are in several cases associated with Golden Horde settlements and mountain burials from the territory which was not part of the Golden Horde. The finds in question challenge the version of a genetic connection with the earlier samples from Prikuban. A different interpretation of the finds is also proposed, which were used not only for direct utilitarian purposes, but also in a ramming horseman attack. It is likely that they were also intended to fight cavalry