Malay Women In Tertiary Education : Trends Of Change In Female Role Ideology

Kajian ke atas 150 pelajar wanita Melayu yang menuntut di tahun akhir di universiti ini adalah satu analisa mengenai aliran-aliran perkaitannya perubahan dalam ideologi peranan wanita dengan faktor-faktor eoeialisaai yang dan utama. Terutamanya, ini termasuklah pendedahan kepada jenis ideologi Ialam yang disebarkan melalui pergerakan dakwah dan ideologi yang terlindung dalam dasar-daear pembangunan nasional aelalui perlaksanaan Dasar Ekonoai Baru, dan perluasan pendidlkan tinggi bagi wanita dari semua kumpulan etnik dan kelas

Benign external hydrocephalus: a review, with emphasis on management

Benign external hydrocephalus in infants, characterized by macrocephaly and typical neuroimaging findings, is considered as a self-limiting condition and is therefore rarely treated. This review concerns all aspects of this condition: etiology, neuroimaging, symptoms and clinical findings, treatment, and outcome, with emphasis on management. The review is based on a systematic search in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases. The search covered various forms of hydrocephalus, extracerebral fluid, and macrocephaly. Studies reporting small children with idiopathic external hydrocephalus were included, mostly focusing on the studies reporting a long-term outcome. A total of 147 studies are included, the majority however with a limited methodological quality. Several theories regarding pathophysiology and various symptoms, signs, and clinical findings underscore the heterogeneity of the condition. Neuroimaging is important in the differentiation between external hydrocephalus and similar conditions. A transient delay of psychomotor development is commonly seen during childhood. A long-term outcome is scarcely reported, and the results are varying. Although most children with external hydrocephalus seem to do well both initially and in the long term, a substantial number of patients show temporary or permanent psychomotor delay. To verify that this truly is a benign condition, we suggest that future research on external hydrocephalus should focus on the long-term effects of surgical treatment as opposed to conservative management

Optimizing nurse capacity in a teaching hospital neonatal intensive care unit

PubMedID: 26729324Patients in intensive care units need special attention. Therefore, nurses are one of the most important resources in a neonatal intensive care unit. These nurses are required to have highly specialized training. The random number of patient arrivals, rejections, or transfers due to lack of capacity (such as nurse, equipment, bed etc.) and the random length of stays, make advanced knowledge of the optimal nurse a requirement, for levels of the unit behave as a stochastic process. This stochastic nature creates difficulties in finding optimal nurse staffing levels. In this paper, a stochastic approximation which is based on the required nurse: patient ratio and the number of patients in a neonatal intensive care unit of a teaching hospital, has been developed. First, a meta-model was built to generate simulation results under various numbers of nurses. Then, those experimented data were used to obtain the mathematical relationship between inputs (number of nurses at each level) and performance measures (admission number, occupation rate, and satisfaction rate) using statistical regression analysis. Finally, several integer nonlinear mathematical models were proposed to find optimal nurse capacity subject to the targeted levels on multiple performance measures. The proposed approximation was applied to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a large hospital and the obtained results were investigated. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase activity in term and preterm infants

PubMedID: 9509507The activity of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK), one of the most important enzymes in the anaerobic glycolytic pathway, was measured in a total of 57 healthy (22 term and 35 preterm) infants. The mean PK activity was 8.98 ± 3.43 IU/gHb in term and 16.56 ± 7.26 IU/gHb in preterm infants. The mean PK activity was significantly higher in preterm babies than term infants (16.56 ± 7.26 IU/gHb and 8.98 ± 3.43 IU/gHb, respectively) (P < .001). A significant negative correlation was found between gestational age, birth weight, and PK activity (r = 0.40, P < .05; r = -0.37, P < .05). No correlation was found between postnatal age and PK activity in both preterm and term infants. The increased PK activity in preterm babies was thought to be due to increased glycolytic activity and energy production in these infants

Surfactant replacement therapy in respiratory distress syndrome: Two years of experience [RESPIRATUAR DISTRES SENDROMUNDA SURFAKTAN REPLASMAN TEDAVISI: IKI YILLIK DENEYIM SONUCLARI]

We present the results of 20 premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) treated with exogenous surfactant (Survanta). The mean gestational age of the infants was 29.1 ± 2.8 (23-24) weeks with a mean birth weight of 1248 ± 301 (755-1750) g. Infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intrauterine infections and congenital malformations were not included in the study. Surfactant (100 mg/kg, 4 ml/kg) was administered intratracheally to neonates within six hours after birth under the rescue strategy. Four infants received a second dose of surfactant after 6-8 hours. A significant decrease was observed in the fraction of inspired oxygen and partial pressure of carbondioxide, and a significant increase was observed in blood pH and partial pressure of oxygen following surfactant therapy. The survival rate was 50% in infants weighing 1501-150 g, and 41.6% in those weighing 1000-1500 g. Four patients weighing less than 1000 g did not survive. Sixteen (80%) patients had some complications, the main complication being systemic infection (40%). These results show that RDS-related mortality can be reduced in our neonatal intensive care unit by administering surfactant to premature infants suffering from RDS

Statistical analysis of patients' characteristics in neonatal intensive care units

PubMedID: 20703900The staff in the neonatal intensive care units is required to have highly specialized training and the using equipment in this unit is so expensive. The random number of arrivals, the rejections or transfers due to lack of capacity and the random length of stays, make the advance knowledge of the optimal staff; equipments and materials requirement for levels of the unit behaves as a stochastic process. In this paper, the number of arrivals, the rejections or transfers due to lack of capacity and the random length of stays in a neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital has been statistically analyzed. The arrival patients are classified according to the levels based on the required nurse: patient ratio and gestation age. Important knowledge such as arrivals, transfers, gender and length of stays are analyzed. Finally, distribution functions for patients' arrivals, rejections and length of stays are obtained for each level in the unit. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Infantile rhabdoid tumor mimicking hepatic hemangioendothelioma

PubMedID: 27072279[No abstract available

Evaluation of newborn patients with patent ductus arteriosus and indomethacin treatment [Yenidogan bebeklerde patent duktus arteriozus ve indometazin tedavisinin degerlendirilmesi]

In this study, 34 babies with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were evaluated and followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit between 1994-1996. The association of other cardiac defects with PDA was seen in eight (23.5%) cases. PDA was diagnosed postnatally between the 2nd and 36th days (mean 9.0±6.7). Indomethacin treatment was given (1-12 doses, mean 3.4±1.9) to 26 babies (76.5%) between the 3rd and 15th days (mean 7.8±3.6). Ductus arteriosus closed in 21 cases (80.8%) after indomethacin treatment. Adverse effects were not seen in any cases. We conclude that of indomethacin therapy is important for treatment of patients with PDA

The preoperative analgesic effect of 3-in-1 block on postoperative pain and tramadol consumption in total hip arthroplasty

PubMed: 18338275We studied the effect of preoperative 3-in-1 block for total hip replacement surgery on postoperative pain and tramadol consumption during patient-controlled analgesia. Thirty ASA I-II patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups; Group I: Patients who received 3-in-1 block with 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine 30-minutes before surgery and later received general anesthesia, Group II: Patients who received only a simple needle puncture at the operation site 30-minutes before surgery and later received general anesthesia. All patients received intravenous tramadol at the end of surgery via a PCA device. Pain was evaluated at 0,1/2,1,4,8,12,24 and 48h at rest and on movement of the hip, using a 10cm VAS. The average intraoperative fentanyl consumption was lower in Group I than in Group II. VAS scores were significantly lower in group I, both at rest and during movement at all timepoints over in the first postoperative 12h and also during movement 24h postoperatively. However differences in VAS scores weren't clinically significant after 4 hours. In the recovery room, Group I VAS scores were only a third of Group II, both at rest and movement (p=0.0001). Total tramadol consumption was lower in GroupI (633.0±119.3 mg) than in GroupII (991.1±41.0 mg). Patient satisfaction scores were higher in GroupI than in GroupII. We concluded that preoperative 3-in-1 block with 40 ml-0,25% bupivacaine provides effective postoperative pain relief for elective THA, reducing intra-and postoperative analgesic consumption without increase in side effects