Seroprevalence of Hepatitis-B virus and Hepatitis-C virus in pregnant women in Hyderabad.

Introduction: Infections of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major global public health problem. Approximately 350 million and 190 million people worldwide are infected with HBV and HCV respectively.  Objective: To evaluate seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among pregnant  women of Hyderabad. Methodology: This prospective cross sectional study conducted at Pathology department of a tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad during Jan 2019 to July 2019. During period of study data of 500 pregnant women recorded on pre structured proforma after taking informed consent. Causes of hepatitis other than B or C virus were excluded. Status of HCV and HBV was confirmed using Elisa method. Results: showed 7% seropositivity for HCV and 4.2% for HBV among pregnant women. Conclusion: Among pregnant females, in Hyderabad  there is a higher seropositivity of anti HCV antibodies as compared to HBsAg. Both seropositivity to HBV and HCV was found to be more prevalent in the 30-39 year age group. Keywords: Pregnant women, Hyderabad, Seroprevalence HCV, Seroprevalence HBV. &nbsp

The frequency of vibrio cholera 01 EL TOR (Inaba And Ogawa) and its Resistance Pattern in Karachi.

Introduction: Cholera is an acute infectious disease of small intestine, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. More than 200 serogroups of V. cholerae have been identified. In Iran, Inaba strains were 75% resistant against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 2011, while during 2012-13 it was 100%. Ogawa strains showed 96% resistance against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 2011, whereas 100% resistant in 2012, while no resistance was seen in 2013 against the same antibiotic.   Objective: To determine the frequency of vibrio cholera 01 EL TOR (Inaba And Ogawa) and its resistance pattern in Karachi. Methodology: Samples were collected from patients with acute diarrhea with rice-water stool from Medical Unit, JPMC and NICH, Karachi between October 2015 to August 2016. These samples were then transported to Microbiology Department, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, JPMC, Karachi and processed according to standard protocol. Results: No growth was noticed in 147 (66.81%) samples while a total of 28 (12.7%) were V. cholerae species, and 45 (20.45%) were other organisms. The distribution of V. cholerae serotypes, out of 28 V. cholerae species, 13 (46.4%) were of Inaba serotypes, 09 (32.1%) were of Ogawa serotypes while 06 (21.4%) were of Non-01 serotypes. Conclusion: The susceptibility results of tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are not very favorable. Involvement of multidrug resistant V. cholerae O1 serotypes in the community is a very serious public health concern. Such patients were observed to be very difficult to treat in the community. &nbsp