Cortisol Secreting Adrenal Adenoma in a 5 Year Old Child

Adrenal adenoma is a rare endocrinal tumor in children. It can present with features of Cushing's syndrome. We present a case report of five years old female child who came with morbid obesity and hypertension. The patient manifested polyphagia, weight gain, and changes in sleep patterns. During physical examination we found a full-moon face, bulkiness in the cervico-dorsal (buffalo-hump) region, high blood pressure

Combined Factor VII and X Deficiency

Factor VII deficiency and factor X deficiency and very rare disorders individually. Combined Factor VII and X is a rare congenital blood disorder with very few cases reported in the literature. We report a case of 7 years old male child who presented to us as a diagnosed case of factor 7 deficiency with recurrent epistaxis

RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN NEONATES WITH UNSTABLE CLINICAL COURSE

Background : Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex disease of the developing retinal vasculature in premature newborns.However, ROP like retinopathy can occasionally occur in full term infants.Risk factors for ROP in neonates with gestational age more than 34 weeks have not been clearly established. Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, All Infants with GA ≥ 34 weeks or BW ≥1750 grams having unstable clinical course were enrolled after taking informed consent from the parents.All these neonates were screened for ROP at 4 weeks of gestation age. Incidence  of ROP was calculated and risk factors were also evaluated. Results : Out of total 426 admissions to NICU, 52 babies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in study.Incidence of ROP in neonates ≥ 34 Weeks was 4%.Among the various neonatal factors, presence of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia,administration of blood transfusions and surfactant therapy were having significant association with ROP. Conclusion : ROP can even occur in babies with GA ≥ 34 weeks and normal birth weight neonates.  Careful and timed retinal examination of all at risk infants will minimize the development of ROP and later on blindness which will lower the social and economic burden

Screening for Latent and Active Tuberculosis in Paediatric Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Globally, World Health Organisation (WHO) estimate suggests that, one million cases of Tuberculosis (TB) occur among children (approximate 10% of the total 9.6 million TB cases). As per Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), high importance and priority is given to the household contacts and paediatric age group (especially <6 years). Since, transmission can happen at any time from index case to the contact (before diagnosis or during treatment), all contacts of TB patients should be screened. Aim: To focus on the screening of paediatric contacts of TB positive patients by Mantoux test and to find out active and latent TB. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The duration of the study was 16 months, from February 2020 to June 2021. Participants, who were proven cases, either sputum positive or clinically diagnosed and were less than 18 years of age were included. Contacts in whom Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) had been started were excluded. The candidates who tested Mantoux positive and had symptoms of TB were further screened by following test chest X-ray, Ultrasonography (USG) abdomen, Microscopy for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB), Cartridge Based Nucliec Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT), Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis and contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The data collected was analysed statistically with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 and the level of significance was determined p-value 0.05 as significant and p-value <0.001 as highly significant. Results: A total of 82 contacts were included. Out of these, 60 children had no organ system involvement, whilst 11 had lymphadenopathy, five had respiratory involvement and six had abdominal involvement. Out of 82 contacts, 23 children tested Mantoux positive and 59 tested negative. Out of 23 Mantoux positive contacts 16 (19.51%) had latent TB and only 1 (2.44%) had active TB. Conclusion: A significant number of children in contact with TB positive patients were found to have latent TB, and it is possible that, there can be activation from latent to active TB later on in these children