3,503 research outputs found
Chromomagnetic Instability and Gluonic Phase at Nonzero Temperature
We describe the results of recent studies of a chromomagnetic instability and
a gluonic phase in neutral two-flavor quark matter at nonzero temperature.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, prepared for International Workshop on Quantum
Chromodynamics: QCD@Work 2007, Martina Franca, Valle d'Itria, Italy, 16-20
Jun 200
Observation of a New Fluxon Resonant Mechanism in Annular Josephson Tunnel Structures
A novel dynamical state has been observed in the dynamics of a perdurbed
sine-Gordon system. This resonant state, has been experimentally observed as a
singularity in the dc current voltage characteristic of an annular Josephson
tunnel junction, excited in the presence of a magnetic field. With this
respect, it can be assimilated to self-resonances known as Fiske steps.
Differently from these, however, we demonstrate, on the basis of numerical
simulations, that its detailed dynamics involves rotating fluxon pairs, a
mechanism associated, so far, to self-resonances known as zero-field steps.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Heterogeneous response to immunotherapy in a patient with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma assessed by18f-fdg pet/ct
Tonsillar carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of the head and neck region, with Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TSCC) as the most common histological type (>90%). For the advanced stage of TSCC, radiotherapy with or without platinum-based chemotherapy is the only therapeutic option. Immuno-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), in particular Nivolumab, considerably improves clinical management of these patients, but the response can be unpredictable. Difficulties can be encountered in evaluating response to immunotherapy, especially with morphological imaging, which can show an atypical response, such as pseudo-progression, leading to a premature discontinuation. Conversely, metabolic imaging can guide a more properly therapeutic decision. We present a case of a 71-year-old man affected by TSCC, treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and Nivolumab as the last line of treatment. Pre-and post-immunotherapy18F-FDG PET/CT showed an impressive response, avoiding early drug discontinuation and ensuring better management of this patient
Exactly solvable models in 2D semiclassical dilaton gravity and extremal black holes
Previously known exactly solvable models of 2D semiclassical dilaton gravity
admit, in the general case, only non-extreme black holes. It is shown that
there exist exceptional degenerate cases, that can be obtained by some limiting
transitions from the general exact solution, which include, in particular,
extremal and ultraextremal black holes. We also analyze properties of extreme
black holes without demanding exact solvability and show that for such
solutions quantum backreaction forbids the existence of ultraextreme black
holes. The conditions,under which divergencies of quantum stresses in a free
falling frame can disappear, are found. We derive the closed equation with
respect to the metric as a function of the dilaton field that enables one,
choosing the form of the metric, to restore corresponding Lagrangian. It is
demonstrated that exactly solvable models, found earlier, can be extended to
include an electric charge only in two cases: either the dilaton-gravitation
coupling is proportional to the potential term, or the latter vanishes. The
second case leads to the effective potential with a negative amplitude and we
analyze, how this fact affects the structure of spacetime. We also discuss the
role of quantum backreaction in the relationship between extremal horizons and
the branch of solutions with a constant dilaton.Comment: 31 pages. In v.2 typo in Ref. [2] corrected, 4 references added.
Accepted in Class. Quant. Gra
Chern-Simons Field Theories with Non-semisimple Gauge Group of Symmetry
Subject of this work is a class of Chern-Simons field theories with
non-semisimple gauge group, which may well be considered as the most
straightforward generalization of an Abelian Chern-Simons field theory. As a
matter of fact these theories, which are characterized by a non-semisimple
group of gauge symmetry, have cubic interactions like those of non-abelian
Chern-Simons field theories, but are free from radiative corrections. Moreover,
at the tree level in the perturbative expansion,there are only two connected
tree diagrams, corresponding to the propagator and to the three vertex
originating from the cubic interaction terms. For such theories it is derived
here a set of BRST invariant observables, which lead to metric independent
amplitudes. The vacuum expectation values of these observables can be computed
exactly. From their expressions it is possible to isolate the Gauss linking
number and an invariant of the Milnor type, which describes the topological
relations among three or more closed curves.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, plain LaTeX + psfig.st
Aging and Holography
Aging phenomena are examples of `non-equilibrium criticality' and can be
exemplified by systems with Galilean and scaling symmetries but no time
translation invariance. We realize aging holographically using a deformation of
a non-relativistic version of gauge/gravity duality. Correlation functions of
scalar operators are computed using holographic real-time techniques, and agree
with field theory expectations. At least in this setup, general aging phenomena
are reproduced holographically by complexifying the bulk space-time geometry,
even in Lorentzian signature.Comment: 1 pdf figur
Closed strings in Misner space: a toy model for a Big Bounce ?
Misner space, also known as the Lorentzian orbifold , is one
of the simplest examples of a cosmological singularity in string theory. In
this lecture, we review the semi-classical propagation of closed strings in
this background, with a particular emphasis on the twisted sectors of the
orbifold. Tree-level scattering amplitudes and the one-loop vacuum amplitude
are also discussed.Comment: 30 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the NATO ASI and
EC Summer School ``String Theory: from Gauge Interactions to Cosmology'',
Cargese, France, June 7-19, 200
Thermodynamics of doubly charged CGHS model and D1-D5-KK black holes of IIB supergravity
We study the doubly charged Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger (CGHS) model,
which has black hole solutions that were found to be U-dual to the D1-D5-KK
black holes of the IIB supergravity. We derive the action of the model via a
spontaneous compactification on S^3 of the IIB supergravity on S^1*T^4 and
obtain the general static solutions including black holes corresponding to
certain non-asymptotically flat black holes in the IIB supergravity.
Thermodynamics of them is established by computing the entropy, temperature,
chemical potentials, and mass in the two-dimensional setup, and the first law
of thermodynamics is explicitly verified. The entropy is in precise agreement
with that of the D1-D5-KK black holes, and the mass turns out to be consistent
with the infinite Lorentz boost along the M theory circle that is a part of the
aforementioned U-dual chain.Comment: 21 pages, Revte
Open strings in relativistic ion traps
Electromagnetic plane waves provide examples of time-dependent open string
backgrounds free of corrections. The solvable case of open strings in
a quadrupolar wave front, analogous to pp-waves for closed strings, is
discussed. In light-cone gauge, it leads to non-conformal boundary conditions
similar to those induced by tachyon condensates. A maximum electric gradient is
found, at which macroscopic strings with vanishing tension are pair-produced --
a non-relativistic analogue of the Born-Infeld critical electric field. Kinetic
instabilities of quadrupolar electric fields are cured by standard atomic
physics techniques, and do not interfere with the former dynamic instability. A
new example of non-conformal open-closed duality is found. Propagation of open
strings in time-dependent wave fronts is discussed.Comment: 43 pages, 11 figures, Latex2e, JHEP3.cls style; v2: one-loop
amplitude corrected, open-closed duality proved, refs added, miscellaneous
improvements, see historical note in fil
Glassy Random Matrix Models
This paper discusses Random Matrix Models which exhibit the unusual phenomena
of having multiple solutions at the same point in phase space. These matrix
models have gaps in their spectrum or density of eigenvalues. The free energy
and certain correlation functions of these models show differences for the
different solutions. Here I present evidence for the presence of multiple
solutions both analytically and numerically.
As an example I discuss the double well matrix model with potential where is a random matrix (the
matrix model) as well as the Gaussian Penner model with . First I study what these multiple solutions are in the large
limit using the recurrence coefficient of the orthogonal polynomials.
Second I discuss these solutions at the non-perturbative level to bring out
some differences between the multiple solutions. I also present the two-point
density-density correlation functions which further characterizes these models
in a new university class. A motivation for this work is that variants of these
models have been conjectured to be models of certain structural glasses in the
high temperature phase.Comment: 25 pages, Latex, 7 Figures, to appear in PR
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