40 research outputs found

    Tutela del patrimonio, civiltĂ  della tecnica e debolezza teorica

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    In the last decades, the values that have guided traditionally the theoretical approach in the field of restoration (such as truth, beauty, authenticity, etc…) were more and more weakened. At the same time, the technical knowledge, traditionally seen as means to reach some goals conceived in a theoretical context, has had an impressive increase.  In the recent past, each one of the theoretical positions – such as conservation, restoration, re-use, renovation, etc – has bent technology to its ideas and has used the progress to reach its goals. However, now we have an inversion of trend: technology has corroded ideas and goals. As the philosopher Emanuele Severino has argued, the instruments which a man has, have the tendency to transform their nature: they turn from means into goals. Thanks to the capability to offer efficient and cost-effective solutions, technology has put theory into the background. Technology feeds on itself, generating needs that will be satisfied by further technological advances, while theory is suffering dramatically, as it is only able to rough out generic horizons. This paper proposes some reflections about the importance of integrating theory into the technological and scientific processes, in order to impose external restrictions related to ethics, authenticity and responsibility. Keywords: protection, heritage, theory, technique, restorationNegli ultimi decenni sono venuti sempre più indebolendosi i valori che tradizionalmente avevano guidato la riflessione e la teoria del restauro (verità, bellezza, autenticità, …). Parallelamente l’apparato tecnico, tradizionalmente concepito come mezzo che realizza fini e obiettivi concepiti altrove, ha visto uno sviluppo formidabile. Ognuna delle posizioni in campo: conservazione, restauro, riuso, recupero edilizio, … l’ha utilizzato per perseguire i propri scopi. Ma a questo punto si è verificata un’inversione: la tecnica ha finito per usurare le idee e gli obiettivi. Grazie alla capacità di fornire soluzioni efficienti ed economiche, essa ha indotto la teoria a ritirarsi, a non porre quei limiti che ne avrebbero ridotto il potere. Però “gli strumenti di cui l’uomo dispone hanno la tendenza a trasformare la propria natura. Da mezzi tendono a diventare scopi.” (cfr. E. Severino, La tendenza fondamentale del nostro tempo). La tecnica alimenta se stessa creando bisogni che possono essere soddisfatti solo attraverso ulteriori sviluppi tecnici (pensiamo all’enorme problema della gestione delle informazioni). La teoria è a questo punto ridotta ai minimi termini, si limita a tratteggiare orizzonti molto generali mentre i vincoli all’azione provengono dallo stesso mondo della scienza e della tecnica Il saggio riflettere su questi temi e sulla difficoltà dell’inserimento di vincoli esterni al processo tecnico-scientifico, come quelli di responsabilità o di autenticità. Parole chiave: tutela, patrimonio, teoria, tecnica, restaur

    Viollet-le-Duc attraverso gli scritti e gli studi su Carcassonne (1844-1866)

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    Il concetto di “stile” è centrale nel pensiero di Viollet-le-Duc e su di esso si fonda la riflessione sul progetto: sia che si tratti del restauro di un monumento storico sia dell’edificazione di una nuova architettura. Volendone approfondire il processo di maturazione, si è condotta un’analisi degli scritti dell’Architetto negli anni che vanno dal 1844, anno della sua prima pubblicazione, al 1866, anno di uscita della voce «Stile» sul Dictionnaire raisonnée de l’architecture française. In questi vent’anni infatti viene man mano maturando un’idea che verrà sintetizzata magistralmente nell’incipit della voce del Dictionnaire: «esistono gli stili ed esiste lo Stile». All’analisi degli scritti si è affiancato lo studio del cantiere di Carcassonne che risale (per quanto riguarda gli studi, la progettazione e le prime realizzazioni) a quegli stessi anni. Per contestualizzare gli scritti di Viollet-le-Duc, si sono parallelamente letti quelli di Jean Baptiste Antoine Lassus e da questa doppia lettura sono emerse interessanti indicazioni sull’influenza che il più maturo Lassus ebbe sul collega e socio Viollet-le-Duc e sulla paternità effettiva di molti concetti che troveranno una sistematizzazione definitiva nelle voci del Dictionnaire e negli Entretiens sur l’architecture pubblicati entrambi dopo la prematura morte, avvenuta nel 1857, diLassus

    La \u201cteoria del restauro\u201d come campo di ricerca

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    The \u2018theory of conservation\u2019 as a field of research: I believe this issue can be developed on two different levels: the first asks the scientific community to reflect on the themes that characterise it at this time in history; the second involves discussing the problem of this field\u2019s difficulty in finding a place for itself in the system that funds scientific research. Observations linked to the first aspect have strategic importance, in that they regard the cultural and professional identity of our community at a national and international level. The second, in contrast, regards the improvement of fundraising tactics by identifying issues that are compatible with the scope of European research, so that this field adjusts its topics of study to suit those promoted by Horizon 2020. This essay reflects on some of the issues that are considered essential if we want to improve our strategy: first and foremost, is it possible to carry out scientific research in the field of \u2018the theory of restoration\u2019? What does the adjective \u2018scientific\u2019 mean in this context? What is the relationship between analytical thinking and a summarising approach? What is the relationship between this theory and current \u2018dominant concepts\u2019 in the field? Moreover, can we identify an approach to previously existing buildings, to history and to the remains of the past that is specific to the field of restoration and that characterises the scientific community and from which we can start to rethink scientific research

    Quarant\u2019anni di scelte in assenza di giudizio. I temi estetici tra eresia e ortodossia

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    The article points out one of the positions that have characterized the world of the restoration of the last forty years and which can rightly be called "heretical": renunce, starting around the Eighties, to the instrument of the historical-aesthetic judgment. The judgment had been throughout the nineteenth century, continue to be so in twentieth, the first device to discern between the works of art, historical monuments and the rest of human production; exercising it, it was possible to compile lists of goods to be protected. By the time the criteria that founded it, at start very limited, underwent profound changes. These, allowed to enlarge the audience of recognizable objects and add entire categories (rural architecture or the modern movement, industrial archaeology ...). Nevertheless, propose to eliminate the historical and artistic judgment from the horizon of the restoration meant collocate conservation on a completely different plane, trying to redefine the foundations, the entire theoretical construct developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. But it is rational to give up to take charge of the aesthetic aspects of the works that we have to protect, in a world that considers the perceptual elements, and those related to the images, very important? And if the answer is negative, what benefits we could gain in studying the aesthetic aspects of the things that we need to protect? Can we do it without recalling the old anachronistic definitional theories

    Il progetto architettonico e di allestimento del Museo. La collaborazione tra Franco Albini, Franca Helg e Caterina Marcenaro

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    The essay explores the working relationship among the designers of the Museum of the Treasury of San Lorenzo, Franco Albini and Franca Helg, and the responsible of the Museum, Caterina Marcenaro. Through the re-lecture of documents and especially through of the inedited and already published correspondence, today preserved in the archives of Genoa, the paper highlights the mutual influences and thoughts having strongly influenced various aspects and results of the design process
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