微小乳頭状構造(micropapillary component)を含む病理病期N0M0肺腺癌では、上皮成長因子受容体(EGFR)のL858R変異発現がmicropapillary componentを特徴づけるとともに再発リスクとなる

内容の要旨, 審査の要旨広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

Degree of Polarization-Based Data Filter for Fully Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar

This paper proposes a novel data filtering algorithm for fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) based on the degree of polarization (DoP) information. First, we define the homogeneity degree and polarization independence degree using the DoP information, and propose a feature plane to characterize the target feature. Second, employing the feature plane, we categorize the targets into three types and assign specific filtering policy for each type to estimate the optimal filtering window sizes. Finally, the $T$ -matrices of fully PolSAR data are filtered using the windows with estimated optimal sizes. Compared with boxcar filter, refined Lee filter, scattering model-based filter, and improved sigma filter in processing ALOS2-PALSAR2 data, the proposed DoP-based algorithm presents the best filtering performance

One to Six Wavelength Multicasting of RZ-OOK Based on Picosecond-Width-Tunable Pulse Source with Distributed Raman Amplification

All-optical 1-to-6 wavelength multicasting of a 10-Gb/s picosecond-tunable-width converted return-to-zero (RZ)-on-off-keying (OOK) data signal using a wideband-parametric pulse source from a distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) is experimentally demonstrated. Width-tunable wavelength multicasting within the C-band with approximately 40.6-nm of separation with various compressed RZ data signal inputs have been proposed and demonstrated. The converted multicast pulse widths can be flexibly controlled down to 2.67 ps by tuning the Raman pump powers of the DRA. Nearly equal pulse widths at all multicast wavelengths are obtained. Furthermore, wide open eye patterns and penalties less than 1.2 dB at the 10-9 bit-error-rate (BER) level are found

All-optical pulsewidth-tunable wavelength conversion of return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying signal

We demonstrate the wavelength conversion of return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) signal with the pulsewidth-tunable operation using a Raman amplifier (RA)-based ultrashort pulse compressor and a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF)-based four-wave mixing (FWM) switch. The wavelength of the input RZ-DPSK signal is converted to new wavelengths owing to the FWM effect in HNLF. On the other hand, the pulsewidth of the wavelength-converted RZ-DPSK signal is tuned from 10 to 3 ps by using the ultrashort pulse source based on RA-based adiabatic soliton pulse compression. The bit error rate characteristics of the input RZ-DPSK and the wavelength-converted RZ-DPSK signals with different pulsewidths are measured and error-free operations are achieved in all cases. The optical spectra, autocorrelation traces, and clear and opening eye diagrams show high conversion performance with wide-range pulsewidth tunability

Simultaneous Compression of Multiple Pulse Streams for All-Optical Serial/Parallel Data Exchanges

We present our recent development of a simultaneous compression of multiple pulse streams utilizing the distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) for applications in serial/parallel high-speed data exchange. The optical clock pulse compression is operated based on adiabatic soliton compressor using DRA with pulsewidth tunable and multiple wavelength operations. We show an experimental demonstration of a simultaneous compression up to four 10 GHz clock pulse trains to picosecond pulsewidth range. The compressed multiple pulse streams are then used for applications in serial-to-parallel and parallel-to-serial data conversions which are one of key functionalities to realize all-optical wavelength/time-division trans-multiplexing in heterogeneous optical networks

非軸対称光ファイバの伝搬特性に関する研究

University of Tokyo (東京大学

Performance of an Inline RZ-DPSK Pulse Compression Using Raman Amplifier and Its Application in OTDM Tributary

We experimentally investigate the performance of a distributed Raman amplifier (DRA)-based pulse compressor for a phase modulated signal. A 10 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ)-differential phase shift keying (DPSK) signal is compressed to picosecond range after transmission. Pulsewidth is continuously compressed in a wide range from 20 to 3.2 ps by changing the pump power of the DRA while the compressed waveforms are well-matched with sech2 function. Error-free operations at bit-error-rate (BER) of 10-9 are achieved for the compressed signals of various pulsewidths with low power penalties within 2.3 dB compared to the back-to-back. After the compression, the 10 Gb/s signal is used to generate a 40 Gb/s RZ-DPSK optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) signal. This 40 Gb/s OTDM signal is then successfully demultiplexed to 10 Gb/s DPSK signal by using an optical gate based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF)

Waveform Conversion and Wavelength Multicasting with Pulsewidth Tunability Using Raman Amplification Multiwavelength Pulse Compressor

A combination of nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ)-to-return-to-zero (RZ) waveform conversion and wavelength multicasting with pulsewidth tunability is experimentally demonstrated. A NRZ data signal is injected into a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF)-based four-wave mixing (FWM) switch with four RZ clocks compressed by a Raman amplification-based multiwavelength pulse compressor (RA-MPC). The NRZ signal is multicast and converted to RZ signals in a continuously wide pulsewidth tuning range between around 12.17 and 4.68 ps by changing the Raman pump power of the RA-MPC. Error-free operations of the converted RZ signals with different pulsewidths are achieved with negative power penalties compared with the back-to-back NRZ signal and the small variation among received powers of RZ output channels at a bit-error-rate (BER) of 10-9. The NRZ-to-RZ waveform conversion and wavelength multicasting without using the RA-MPC are also successfully implemented

アーノルド・ファイン作品集

Urinary type IV collagen (U-Col4) and albumin excretion is evaluated to monitor the development of diabetic kidney disease. However, U-Col4 excretion in the general population without diabetes has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, 1067 participants without diabetes and with urinary albumin-creatinine ratio <300 mg/gCr (normo- or microalbuminuria) who underwent an annual health examination in 2004 were enrolled and observed for 5 years. They were divided according to the amount of U-Col4 or urinary albumin excreted. The decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. In participants with eGFR ≥80 mL/min, abnormal U-Col4 excretion was indicated as a significant independent risk factor for 10% eGFR change per year, which is one of the prognostic factors for the development of end-stage kidney disease. Moreover, in contrast to urinary albumin excretion, U-Col4 excretion was not related to age or kidney function, suggesting that some individuals with abnormal U-Col4 excretion can have an independent hidden risk for the development of kidney dysfunction. In conclusion, it is important to measure U-Col4 excretion in the general population without diabetes to determine changes in renal features in every individual and help detect future complications such as diabetic kidney disease. If U-Col4 excretion is abnormal, kidney manifestation should be carefully followed up, even if the kidney function and urinalysis findings are normal

高次の四光波混合を用いたNRZ-to-RZ変換及び波長マルチキャスト

NRZ-to-RZ変換と波長マルチキャストを一括で実現する手法を提案した．先行研究よりクロック光の数を増やすことで，入力光の数に対し，NRZ-to-RZ変換及び波長マルチキャストされる光の数の比率を高めた．OOK信号では19波長，DPSK信号では10波長でエラーフリーを達成した