Spectroscopic Study of the Nitrogen Airglow

Four rocket observations of the NO γ(1, 0) 2148 Å band airglow and ground observations of the NI 5200 Å emission in the auroral zone are presented. A radiometer was developed to measure the NO γ(1, 0) band airglow in the mesosphere and thermosphere. It can extract the γ(1, 0) band airglow from intense background radiations by making use of a self-absorbing gas cell. NO density profiles were deduced from the γ(1, 0) band emission rates measured at Uchinoura (31°N), Thumba (9°N) and Syowa Station (69°S). The NO densities in the thermosphere obtained at middle and low latitudes are found to vary with solar activity. In view of a considerable temperature dependence of the production rate of NO in the thermosphere, the variation may be attributed to change in thermospheric temperature, which is closely related to solar activity. Change in the solar extreme ultraviolet radiation flux may also be responsible for the variation. The NO density in the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere obtained in the auroral zone is found to be larger than those obtained at middle and low latitudes under the conditions of similar solar activity. Because of a long life time of NO in the altitude region, the observed enhancement may be due to the after-effect of a particle precipitation event which occurred within a day before in despite of no polar disturbance during the flight. The emission rate of the NI 5200 Å doublet in the aurora was measured with a tilting-filter photometer at Syowa Station from March to September 1977. The N_2^+ 1NG(0, 1) 4278 Å band emission was measured simultaneously with the 5200 Å emission for comparison. Examining nighttime variations of the emissions obtained in thirteen clear and moonless nights, the 5200 Å emission is found to be one of the common spectral features of the aurora. A simple model calculation is performed to investigate the excitation mechanism for the 5200 Å emission in the aurora, and dissociative recombination of NO^+ is found to be insufficient to explain the observations. Alternatively, impact dissociation and excitation of N_2 by auroral electrons may be the major excitation process. The ratio of measured 5200 Å emission rate to the 4278 Å emission rate decreases as the 4278 Å emission rate increases. This tendency may be qualitatively explained by the combined effect due to the highly forbidden nature of the 5200 Å emission and the characteristics of the precipitating particles in that their mean energy generally increases with their total energy

Hepatic infarction following abdominal interventional procedures.

To clarify the incidence, background, and progress of hepatic infarction following interventional procedures, cases of hepatic infarction following interventional procedures at our department during the last decade were identified by reviewing the clinical records of 1982 abdominal angiography and interventional procedures and records of abdominal CT. Nine episodes (0.5%) in 8 patients were identified as hepatic infarction following an interventional procedure. Five episodes were preceded by embolization of the hepatic or celiac artery at emergency angiography for postoperative bleeding with hemorrhagic shock. Three episodes followed the elected interventional procedure for hepatocellular carcinoma, and the remaining episode occurred after 12 months of chemoinfusion through an indwelling catheter in the hepatic artery and portal vein. Hepatic arterial occlusion in all episodes and portal venous flow abnormality in 5 episodes were observed on angiography. Four patients whose liver function was initially impaired died of hepatic infarction, although the extent of the disease on CT did not appear to be related to the mortality. Multiple risk factors, including arterial insufficiency, were observed in each patient. The incidence of hepatic infarction following interventional procedures in this series was low but sometimes fatal, and occurred most frequently in emergency embolization in hemorrhagic shock.</p

A Case of Colonic Metastasis of Breast Cancer Positive for Estrogen Receptor

This is the first report of a metastatic colon cancer of breast cancer positive for estrogen receptor. A 56-year-old woman who had undergone standard radical mastectomy due to right breast cancer was suffered from left lower abdominal pain. Barium enema and proctoscopy revealed a narrowing at the rectum and the descending colon. Needle biopsy of the rectum revealed Group 5. The resection of the left colon, the rectum and the ovaries were performed. Foci were macroscopically present at the rectum, the sigmoid colon and the descending colon. Histological examination revealed that colonic foci were metastases from the breast cancer of lobular carcinoma. The colonic preparation was positive for estrogen receptor

Distribution of G-Cells in the Gastric Mucosa in Peptic Ulcer

The distribution of G cells in mucosa of the resected stomachs from patients with peptic ulcer was investigated using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Moreover, the specimens were stained additionally with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the condition of background gastric mucosa. G cells were present chiefly in the glandular cervix of the pyloric gland area. They were also seen in the intermediate area and, although small in number, in the area adjoining the f-line. The number of G cells per unit area in DU was three times higher than that in GU. The significant inverse relation was found between G cell density and the degree of intestinal metaplasia. And in each case, mean values of uG were estimated for unit areas on the greater and lesser curvature lines as well as the unit areas on the mid-line of the anterior and posterior walls. The G cell density was higher on the greater curvature and in the posterior wall than the other

Antitumor effect of natural human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and natural human interferon-alpha in combination against human cancer transplanted into nude mice.

We studied the in vivo antitumor effects of natural human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (nHuTNF-alpha) and natural human interferon-alpha (nHuIFN-alpha), both of which were produced by HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan)-stimulated acute lymphatic B cell leukemia line, BALL-1 cells. To clarify the interaction between nHuTNF-alpha and nHuIFN-alpha, we used novel experimental models of lung metastasis and intraabdominal carcinomatosis which we developed in nude mice using a human tumor line, RPMI 4788. While the intravenous administration of nHuTNF-alpha or nHuIFN-alpha alone inhibited lung metastasis, the two cytokines given in combination synergistically inhibited lung metastasis. In a comparative study, nHuTNF-alpha and recombinant human interferon-gamma (rHuIFN-gamma) in combination also synergistically inhibited lung metastasis. Treatment with nHuTNF-alpha and nHuIFN-alpha combined significantly prolonged the survival of nude mice with intraabdominal carcinomatosis. Complete regression of five different human tumor xenografts was achieved by the simultaneous intratumoral injection of nHuTNF-alpha and nHuIFN-alpha. Histological examination revealed that tumor cell lysis occurred 24 h after the intratumoral administration of the cytokines. No significant signs of toxicity to nude mice were observed at any dose tested. The synergism of nHuTNF-alpha and nHuIFN-alpha may allow treatment at a relatively low dose range, thus minimizing side effects. The wide range of anticancer activity of these agents may provide better therapeutic efficacy. The in vivo assay systems which we have developed are useful for the analysis of the biological activities and interactions of cytokines and chemotherapeutic drugs.</p

Comparative Study between Nude Mice and Immunosuppressed Hamsters as Recipients of Human Tumor Xenografts

We comparatively examined nude mice and hamsters as to their suitability as recipients of human cancers. CD-1 nude mice and golden hamsters immunosuppressed with anti-hamster thymocyte serum were used. Nude mice were superior in the areas of primary transplantation and subsequent transfer and maintenance. However, growth of tumors transplantable to both animals (a lung cancer line LC-1, a colon cancer line RPMI4788) tends to be better in hamsters than in nude mice. The better development of LC-1 and RPMI4 788 cells in hamsters than in nude mice appears to be related to the superior gain in body weight shown by hamsters

A Case of Acute Superior Mesenteric Artery Embolism with Severe Ischemic Liver Injury Successfully Treated by Endovascular Treatment

We describe an interesting clinical course of a patient who developed severe ischemic liver injury due to acute embolism of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac artery. A 70-year-old man was hospitalized for abdominal pain and diarrhea. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a variant common hepatic artery arising from the SMA and multiple thromboembolic occlusions of visceral arteries, including the SMA and celiac artery. Laboratory data showed markedly elevated hepatic enzymes, which increased after admission despite the initiation of systemic anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy. The patient was successfully treated by endovascular recanalization of the SMA occlusion via transcatheter embolus aspiration, thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, and stent placement. Severe ischemic liver injury may occur in the setting of synchronous embolism of the SMA and celiac artery, and these phenomena may have a critical impact on the choice of treatment strategies and prognosis. Endovascular treatment appears to an effective treatment option