Migraine, Personality, and Psychiatric Comorbidity

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71396/1/j.1526-4610.1995.hed3507382.x.pd

Psychiatric comorbidity of smoking and nicotine dependence

Recent epidemiologic studies have revealed that comorbidity of psychiatric disorders is far more pervasive than previously suspected. Strong associations have been reported between specific substance use disorders and between any mental disorder and any substance use disorder. This report focuses on comorbidity of nicotine dependence, a substance use disorder on which little epidemiologic information is available. Data come from an epidemiologic study of approximately 1000 young adults in southeast Michigan, in which the NIMH-DIS, revised according to DSM-III-R, was used. Lifetime prevalence of nicotine dependence was 20%. Males and females with nicotine dependence had increased odds for alcohol and illicit drug disorders, major depression, and anxiety disorders, compared with nondependent smokers and nonsmokers combined. Major depression and any anxiety disorder were associated specifically with nicotine dependence. Increased odds for alcohol or illicit drug disorders were observed also in nondependent smokers, compared to nonsmokers. History of early conduct problems increased the odds for nicotine dependence among smokers. Potential mechanisms in the comorbidity of nicotine dependence are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44110/1/10519_2005_Article_BF02196920.pd

Daily cigarette consumption in early adulthood: age of smoking initiation and duration of smoking

This study considers the extent to which daily consumption of cigarettes in young adults varies by age at first cigarette and duration of smoking. Data come from a random sample of 21- to 30-year-old members of a large HMO in the Detroit area. Daily cigarette consumption by current smokers varied by duration of daily smoking: the longer the duration, the higher the number of cigarettes smoked. Duration from first cigarette to daily smoking bore no relationship to cigarette consumption. When duration of daily smoking was statistically controlled, the association between cigarette consumption and age at first cigarette was not statistically significant. The findings suggest that public health efforts to delay daily smoking among adolescents might reduce cigarette consumption in early adulthood.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30548/1/0000181.pd

Migraine: association with personality characteristics and psychopathology

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72438/1/j.1468-2982.1995.1505358.x.pd

Migraine and Major Depression: A Longitudinal Study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72886/1/j.1526-4610.1994.hed3407387.x.pd

Early smoking initiation and nicotine dependence in a cohort of young adults

We examined the extent to which nicotine dependence and daily smoking might vary by age at first cigarette. The potential confounding effects of sex, race and history of childhood behaviour problems were examined as well. A sample of 1200 was randomly selected from the subset of 21-30-year-old members of a large HMO in the Detroit SMSA; 1007 (84%) agreed to participate. Personal interviews were conducted in respondents' homes, using the NIMH-DIS to elicit information on DSM-III-R diagnoses, including nicotine dependence. Controlling for sex and race, persons who smoked their first cigarette at 14 to 16 years of age were 1.6 times more likely to become dependent than those who initiated smoking at an older age (P = 0.03). The association was unchanged when history of childhood behaviour problems was also controlled. Smoking initiation before age 14 was not associated with increased probability of dependence. Persons who initiated smoking before age 14 had a longer lag time to daily smoking and a lower likelihood of progressing to daily smoking, compared to persons who initiated smoking later on. The findings suggest that, among persons who have ever smoked, there might be two distinct groups in whom the chances of developing dependence are considerably reduced. The first comprises persons who delayed first use until age 17. The second comprises persons who smoked their first cigarette before age 14, a group in whom the progression to daily smoking might be markedly slower than in persons who initiated smoking when they were older.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30589/1/0000226.pd