Evaluation of the crude drugs by means of colorimeter. Part 6. : Correlation between the color and total polyphenol content of Geranium Herb

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系我々は今回,下痢などに対処する整腸剤として,古くから用いられている民間薬ゲンノショウコについて,色彩計を用いた品質評価を行った。ゲンノショウコが示す止瀉作用はポリフェノールの一種であるタンニン類によるものとみなされている。本研究では,ゲンノショウコサンプル中の総ポリフェノール含量と,ゲンノショウコの粉末及び塩化鉄(III)試液を添加したゲンノショウコ熱水抽出液色の関係について検討を行った。その結果,塩化鉄(III)試液を添加したゲンノショウコ熱水抽出液色の明度(L^*)が高い試料ほど,総ポリフェノール含量が低い傾向が見られた。また,総ポリフェノール含量が高い葉の部分では明度は低く,総ポリフェノール含量が低い茎の部分では明度は高かった。従って,ゲンノショウコ中に含まれるタンニン類の作用を期待する場合,茎部分の割合が低いものが良品と考えられ,その評価に,塩化鉄(III)試液を添加したゲンノショウコ熱水抽出液色の明度を利用することが可能であることが示唆された。 The color of Geranium Herb, which is a quite popular folk medicine for intestinal disorders such as diarrhea, was investigated for the quality evaluation by means of colorimeter. The antidiarrheal effect of Geranium Herb is considered to be due to tannin, which is a kind of polyphenols. On various Geranium Herb, we examined the correlation between the total polyphenol content and color of both the powder and water extract treated with the iron (III) chloride TS. As the result, we found that Geranium Herb with a higher total polyphenol content tended to show lower color index L^* value in the water extract treated with the iron (III) chloride TS. In addition, the total polyphenol quantity was high, while L^* value was low in the foliar part. On the other hand, total polyphenol quantity was low, while L^* value was high in the stem part. Therefore, when the effect of total polyphenol is expected, Geranium Herb with a low ratio of stem part is thought to be of good quality, and it is considered that color index L^* value of the Geranium Herb water extract treated with the iron (III) chloride TS is available in the quality evaluation for Geranium Herb

Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy complicated with Eisenmenger syndrome

Objective: The goal of the study was to clarify the risk factors for pregnancy complicated with Eisenmenger syndrome (ES). Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed in 15 patients with ES who were managed throughout pregnancy at one institution from 1982 to 2013. Cases associated with congenital heart diseases other than atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were excluded. Results: The congenital heart diseases in ES included ASD (n = 3), VSD (n = 9), and PDA (n = 3). Ten women chose termination and 5 continued with their pregnancies. In the 5 continuation cases (PDA 1, VSD 4), worsening of cyanosis, exertional fatigue and dyspnea appeared between 25 and 30 weeks gestation and cesarean section was performed at 30 (28–33) weeks. LVEF, PaO2, and SpO2 decreased and heart rate increased significantly from before pregnancy to 25–30 weeks gestation. From before to during the pregnancy, there were no significant changes in mean PABP or pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in four cases with data (582–592, 885 to 868, 1280 to 1291, 1476–1522 dyn × s/cm2). PVR at conception had a negative relationship with delivery weeks. NYHA classes before, during and 1 year after pregnancy were II, III and II. In one recent case, epoprostenol and tadalafil were administered during pregnancy. Conclusions: Pregnancy with ES has a high risk due to hypooxygenation, cyanosis, and cardiac failure, which can appear as common complications as early as the 2nd trimester. Early interventions with meticulous care are required for these complications during pregnancy and delivery. Keywords: Cardiac failure, Cyanosis, Eisenmenger syndrome, Pregnanc