Japanese Monetary Policy during the Collapse of the Bubble Economy: A View of Policymaking under Uncertainty

Focusing on policymaking under uncertainty, we analyze the monetary policy of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) in the early 1990s, when the bubble economy collapsed. Conducting stochastic simulations with a large- scale macroeconomic model of the Japanese economy, we find that the BOJf s monetary policy at that time was essentially optimal under uncertainty about the policy multiplier. On the other hand, we also find that the BOJ's policy was not optimal under uncertainty about inflation dynamics, and that a more aggressive policy response than actually implemented would have been needed. Thus, optimal monetary policy differs greatly depending upon which type of uncertainty is emphasized. Taking into account the fact that overcoming deflation became an important issue from the latter 1990s, it is possible to argue that during the early 1990s the BOJ should have placed greater emphasis on uncertainty about inflation dynamics and implemented a more aggressive monetary policy. The result from a counterfactual simulation indicates that the inflation rate and the real growth rate would have been higher to some extent if the BOJ had implemented a more accommodative policy during the early 1990s. However, the simulation result also suggests that the effects would have been limited, and that an accommodative monetary policy itself would not have changed the overall image of the prolonged stagnation of the Japanese economy during the 1990s.Collapse of the bubble economy; Monetary policy; Uncertainty

Purification, Characterization, and Gene Expression of Rice Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase, Endo-Os

In the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation system of plant and animal cells, high-mannose type free N-glycans (HMT-FNGs) are produced from misfolded glycoproteins prior to proteasomal degradation, and two enzymes, cytosolic peptide:N-glycanase (cPNGase) and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (endo-beta-GlcNAc-ase), are involved in the deglycosylation. Although the physiological functions of these FNGs in plant growth and development remain to be elucidated, detailed characterization of cPNGase and endo-beta-GlcNAc-ase is required. In our previous work, we described the purification, characterization, and subcellular distribution of some plant endo-beta-GlcNAc-ases and preliminarily reported the gene information of rice endo-beta-GlcNAc-ase (Endo-Os). Furthermore, we analyzed the changes in gene expression of endo-beta-GlcNAc-ase during tomato fruit maturation and constructed a mutant line of Arabidopsis thaliana, in which the two endo-beta-GlcNAc-ase genes were knocked-out based on the Endo-Os gene. In this report, we describe the purification, characterization, amino acid sequence, and gene cloning of Endo-Os in detail. Purified Endo-Os, with an optimal pH of 6.5, showed high activity for high-mannose type N-glycans bearing the Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-3Man beta 1 unit; this substrate specificity was almost the same as that of other plant endo-beta-GlcNAc-ases, suggesting that Endo-Os plays a critical role in the production of HTM-FNGs in the cytosol. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of the tryptic peptides revealed 17 internal amino acid sequences, including the C terminus; the N-terminal sequence could not be identified due to chemical modification. These internal amino acid sequences were consistent with the amino acid sequence (UniProt ID: Q5W6R1) deduced from the Oryza sativa cDNA clone AK112067 (gene ID: Os05g0346500). Recombinant Endo-Os expressed in Escherichia coli using cDNA showed the same enzymatic properties as those of native Endo-Os

臨床所見および検査成績からのスコアーによる喘息分類の特徴

Twenty six patients with bronchial asthma was classified by clinical symptoms and singns (clinical diagnosis), and the classification by clinical diagnosis was compared with the classification by a score calculated from clinical findings and examinations (score diagnosis). 1. Of 12 subjects with type Ia classified by clinical diagnosis, 8 cases with 0 to 49 ml/day of expectoration were evaluated as type Ia by score diagnosis. While four type Ia cases with 50 to 99ml/day of expectoration were calssified as type Ib by score diagnosis. The increased incidence of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these four cases was similar to the incidence in type Ib cases with hypersecretion. 2. All of 6 subjects with type Ib by clinical diagnosis were estimated as type Ib by score diagnosis. 3. Of 8 cases with type II by clinical diagnosis, 7 cases were assessed as type II by score diagnosis. One case with type II by clinical diagnosis and with the score of 10 points was evaluated as questionable type II by score diagnosis.気管支喘息36例を対象に,臨床病態による喘息の分類（臨床診断）を試み,この分類と臨床所見および臨床検査より求めたスコアーによる分類（スコアー分類）との比較検討を行った｡1.臨床分類でIa.単純性気管支攣縮型と診断された12症例のうち,1日喀痰量0-49mlの8症例は,スコアー分類では同様にIa.型と分類された｡一方,1日喀痰量50-99mlの4症例はスコアー分類ではIb.型（気管支攣縮+過分泌型）と分類された｡これら4症例のBALF中好酸球増多はIb.型に類似した病態であった｡2.臨床診断によりIb.型に分類された6症例はいずれもスコアー診断でもIb.型と分類された｡3.臨床診断によりII.型（細気管支閉塞型）と分類された8症例のうち,7症例はスコアー診断でもII.型と分類されたが,1症例はスコアー10でII.型の診断基準に合わず,questionable II.型と診断された

子どもたちの「関係性を生きる力」尺度に関する研究

The purpose of this research was to construct a scale to assess the ability of the individual to maintain interpersonal relationships, and to examine the reliability and validity of that scale. In this connection, we conducted a questionnaire survey (including a scale of) targeting 2,428 youth students in nine schools. We also implemented a factor analysis of 18 preliminary factors determining the ability to maintain interpersonal relation scale items using the Principal Factor Promax Rotation, which enabled us to derive three factors. We then conducted a confirmatory factor analysis, to assess the performance of the scale comprised of three factors for a total of 18 items encompassing the following 1) Having a positive way of thinking; 2) Maintaining sufficiently good relationships; and 3) Living life with confidence. We concluded that we were able to develop a scale to assess ability to maintain inter-personal relationships, confirming the reliability and validity. of this scale. We believe that this scale will be useful in clinical scenarios and research activities

ガッコウエントウ オ カクトシタ アタラシイ カテイ キョウイク シエン ノ テンカイ ト カノウセイ : トクシマ オヤナビ ワークショップ ノ トリクミ オ トオシテ

本稿は，２０１６年より徳島県で実施している保護者を対象としたワークショップの実践事例について論じる。第一にこれまでに実施してきたワークショップに共通する，ワークショップの依頼から，事前準備，当日の展開，参加者の反応，カンファレンス，ファシリテーターによる事後報告までの，ワークショップ展開の実際について記述した。第二に，これまでに実施したワークショップの中から特徴的な実践事例を挙げ，実施の際の留意事項ついて，整理した。第三に，参加者の事後評価アンケートの結果をもとに本ワークショップの意義について記述した。そして，最後にこのワークショップがより発展するための方策として，ワークショップの質を保証するスーパーバイズ体制の構築について考察した。This paper reports on examples of workshops held for parents/guardians in Tokushima Prefecture as of 2016. First, regarding workshops implemented through the present, we note the entire process spanning initial requests for these workshops, preparations, event day proceedings, participant response, the conference, and post-event facilitator reporting. Second, citing distinct examples from amongst those implemented, we have noted important points in the implementation process. Third, we have written about the significance of the workshops based on post-event participant questionnaire results. In closing, as a means of further developing these workshops and helping to ensure quality, we consider a supervisory structure

1サイハンジ ノ アソビ ノ ナイヨウ ト ヨウイクシャ トノ ソウゴ コウショウ ニ カンスル イチコウサツ

The purpose of this article was the fact−finding of a play action of an infant and infants’ responses during interaction with their parents or companions at the time of 18−month−old infants health check−ups visit. The subjects were selected from among those who a 18−month−old infants health check−ups between April 2007 and March 2009. Observation date were conducted content analysis technique, then and created two hypothesis. First, infants’ responses in free play during interaction with their parents or companions were not positive. Second, play action of an infant was influenced by interaction with their parents or companions without mental ability leve

学校園等における家庭教育推進のための「オンラインリモート・ワークショップ」の実践研究 : コロナ禍における「とくしま親なびプログラム」の新たな可能性

本稿では，新しい行動様式に則った「オンラインリモート・ワークショップ」の実施方法を報告し，学校園における保護者支援，家庭教育支援の促進を図る新しい家庭教育支援の可能性を探ることを目的とした。具体的には，第一にリモートやオンライン・ワークショップの実施について先行研究を整理する。第二に，保護者を対象とした「オンラインリモート・ワークショップ」を試験的に実施する中で留意事項等を検討し，事前準備から実施，事後評価（報告）までの手順を整理する。第三に整理した手順を踏まえ実施した，保護者を対象とした「オンラインリモート・ワークショップ」について報告する。最後に，これまで対面で行ってきたワークショップの「良さ」と，「オンラインリモート・ワークショップ」の「良さ」等を検討し，今後の「オンラインリモート・ワークショップ」の展開とその可能性について論じる。This research reports on implementation methodology for Online Remote Workshops in line with new behavioral patterns. The objective was to search out new possibilities on how to facilitate new upbringing styles with a view to assisting parents/guardians at schools, and moving ahead with support on upbringing. Specifically and firstly, we set out to organize existing cutting-edge research on online remote workshops for parents/guardians. Second, we examined the important points as we implemented online remote workshops on a provisional basis, organizing all stages from preliminary preparations to post-event assessments (reports). Third, we implemented based on the above-mentioned stages, and compiled reports on online remote workshops for parents/guardians. Finally, we considered the advantages of in-person workshops compared to online remote workshops in order to present the possibilities of future online remote workshops

「生きる力」を育む中高生・次世代を対象とした家庭教育支援プログラムの開発 : 徳島県「未来の家庭へつなぐとくしまの若者育成事業」の取組

本稿は，２０１９年に作成した中高生・次世代を対象とした家庭教育プログラムの開発過程について論じる。第一に，中高生・次世代版の家庭教育推進プログラムを作成することになった経緯を整理する。第二に，調査研究から抽出した中高生・次世代版の家庭教育プログラムの柱となる概念を整理する。第三に，作成したプログラムの内容と学習指導要領等との関連を整理する。第四に，ワークショップの実践シュミレーションから，プログラムの展開方法を報告する。そして最後に，中高生・次世代版家庭教育プログラムの意義を整理し，今後の展開の可能性について論じる。This paper will discuss the development process of a family education support program targeting high school students and members of the next generation that was created in 2019. First, it will lay out the sequence of events that led to the creation of a version of a family education promotion program for high school students and members of the next generation. Second, it will lay out the general concepts that formed the central pillar of this version of a family education support program for high school students and members of the next generation that were deduced from research and studies. Third, it will lay out the contents of the program that was created and its connection to the government\u27s official educational guidelines and the like. Fourth, it will report on methods for rolling out the program based on practical simulations from a workshop. Lastly, it will lay out the significance of this version of a family education support program for high school students and members of the next generation and discuss the possibilities for future developments