コウトウ キョウイク キカン ニオケル ハッタツ ショウガイ ヲ モツ ガクセイ ノ シエン ノ ゲンジョウ ト カダイ

高校以降の高等教育機関に在籍する,発達障害を持つ生徒・学生の数は,年々調査するごとに増えてきている。高校では,発達障害支援モデル事業でSNE(Special Needs Education)校に指定された高校や,東京都のチャレンジ校,エンカレッジ校,大学では,障害学生支援ネットワークの拠点校等を中心に,その学校の実態に即したさまざまな支援が始まっている。発達障害は定型発達との境界線がひきにくく,わかりにくい障害であるため,まわりの認識も自己認識も遅れがちで,二次障害のリスクが高い。これまでの高等教育機関における発達障害を持つ学生の実態調査と彼らへの支援の動向を,文献研究並びに学会や視察の結果から明らかにし,それを踏まえて今後の高等教育機関における支援の目的と方向性を提示した

Localization of Liv2 as an Immature Hepatocyte Marker in EB Outgrowth

The objective of this study was to establish Liv2, a surface marker of mouse immature hepatocytes (hepatoblasts), as a selection tool for embryonic stem (ES) cell–derived immature hepatocytes by acquiring basic data on Liv2 in normal mouse embryos and by confirming Liv2 expression in mouse ES-derived cells. The estimated molecular weight of Liv2 was 4045 kDa, and immunoreactivity was definitively detected in the cell membrane of fetal hepatocytes on embryonic day (E) 9.5, declined gradually until E12.5, and subsequently became undetectable. Liv2 was localized on and close to the cell membrane. Embryoid bodies (EB) were formed from mouse ES cells whose undifferentiated state was confirmed with immunostaining of Nanog by the hanging drop method. A few Liv2-positive cells occurred as a cluster in EB outgrowth on day 7, but only some of these were albumin (ALB)-positive on day 13. These cells had the same pattern of immunoreactivity, i.e., localization on the cell membrane, as immature hepatocytes in the developing liver, although there were other types of cells with a different pattern of immunoreactivity that were seen only as a granular pattern in the cytoplasm and without ALB or the neuronal marker nestin. These results suggest that Liv2 may be useful as a surface marker for immature hepatocytes derived from ES cells. This application would allow for the sole selection of immature hepatocytes and provide a useful tool for regenerative medicine

Disability Weights Measurement for 17 Diseases in Japan: A Survey Based on Medical Professionals

When judging a population’s health to determine disability-adjusted life years, disability weight is a tool for measuring the severity of disability caused by a disease. However, previous studies have pointed out that surveys targeting ordinary citizens produce unclear disability weight values. Therefore, in an attempt to obtain clearer estimations, we conduct a paper-based questionnaire survey of medical professionals—nurses with over ten years of experience—believed to have extensive knowledge of diseases and experience in patient care. We find that disability weight estimations based on the survey of medical professionals presents higher values than those based on a survey of ordinary citizens using the same estimation approach, especially for non-terminal-stage diseases. This suggests that medical-professionals-based surveys may correct the underestimated disability weights of non-terminal diseases (e.g., early stage of cancers and mellitus) found through ordinary-citizens-based surveys. Moreover, we illustrate that depressive disorder and early-stage cancers have almost the same health loss since their disability weights are similar. While regulating policy, it is recommended that more attention be paid to non-terminal diseases and depression

Serum High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level and Lifestyle Habits among Japanese Junior High School Students

Article信州医学雑誌 61(4):205-215(2013)journal articl