On the l-part of the Class Groups of Imaginary Cyclic Fields

Let l be a fixed odd prime number, and p = 2qle + 1 an odd prime number with (q, 2l) = 1. For 0 ≤ n ≤ e, let kn be the subfield of the pth cyclotomic field Q(ζp) of degree 2ln. It is an imaginary cyclic field of conductor p. We study the Galois module structure and Iwasawa type “class number formula” of the l-part of the class groups of kn. Moreover, we give numerical examples for p < 1, 000, 000

On Polygonal Square Triangular Numbers

A pentagonal square triangular number is a number which is a pentagonal number P5(ℓ), a square y2 and a triangular number P3(m) at the same time. It would be well known for the specialists that there exists no pentagonal square triangular number except for P3(1) = 12 = P5(1) = 1. But we don’t know any simple reference of the proof of this fact in print. The object of this note is to provide a such reference. Here we shall present three independent proofs of this fact one of which was already referred in the net article [24]

An Experimental Study of Crop Discrimination Using Pi-SAR2 Data

Poster Session

Diffusion activation energy and desorption activation energy for astrochemically relevant species on water ice show no clear relation

The activation energy for desorption (Edes) and that for surface diffusion (Esd) of adsorbed molecules on dust grains are two of the most important parameters for the chemistry in the interstellar medium. Although Edes is often measured by laboratory experiments, the measurement of Esd is sparse. Due to the lack of data, astrochemical models usually assume a simple scaling relation, Esd = fEdes, where f is a constant, irrespective of adsorbed species. Here, we experimentally measure Esd for CH4, H2S, OCS, CH3OH, and CH3CN on water-ice surfaces using an ultra-high-vacuum transmission electron microscope (UHV-TEM). Compiling the measured Esd values and Edes values from the literature, we find that the value of f ranges from ~0.2 to ~0.7, depending on the species. Unless f (or Esd) for the majority of species is available, a natural alternative approach for astrochemical models is running multiple simulations, varying f for each species randomly. In this approach, ranges of molecular abundances predicted by multiple simulations, rather than abundances predicted by each simulation, are important. We here run 10,000 simulations of astrochemical models of molecular clouds and protostellar envelopes, randomly assigning a value of f for each species. In the former case, we identify several key species whose Esd most strongly affects the uncertainties of the model predictions; Esd for those species should be investigated in future laboratory and quantum chemical studies. In the latter case, uncertainties in the Esd of many species contribute to the uncertainties in the model predictions.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

The Efficacy and Safety of Propiverine Hydrochloride in Patients with Overactive Bladder Symptoms Who Poorly Responded to Previous Anticholinergic Agents

Objectives. To prospectively examine the efficacy and safety of propiverine hydrochloride in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms who poorly responded to previous treatment with solifenacin, tolterodine or imidafenacin. Methods. Patients aged ≥20 with persisting OAB symptoms (≥6 in OAB symptom score (OABSS)) even after at least 4-week treatment using solifenacin, tolterodine or imidafenacin were enrolled. Propiverine 20 mg/day was administered for 12 weeks to 70 patients who desired the further improvement of OAB symptoms and 3 who had intolerable adverse events of previous drugs. The OABSS and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) were determined before and at 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. Results. Of 73 patients enrolled (29 males and 44 females, median age 71 years), 52 completed the protocol treatment. The OABSS was significantly improved by propiverine treatment (9.0 at baseline, 6.2 at 4 weeks, 6.3 at 12 weeks (P < 0.001)). The scores of OAB symptoms (nighttime frequency, urgency and urge incontinence) except daytime frequency also improved significantly. No increase in PVR was observed. The most frequent adverse event was dry mouth (13.7%), followed by constipation (6.8%). Conclusions. Propiverine is useful to improve OAB for patients who poorly respond to solifenacin, tolterodine or imidafenacin

Chiral Ice Crystals in Space

We observed the formation of CO, CH3OH, and H2O ices using a cryogenic transmission electron microscope, to determine if chiral ice crystals could form under the conditions of interstellar molecular clouds and young stellar objects (protoplanetary disks) and to clarify the crystalline structure of these ices. Our results suggest that the following ice crystals are chiral: crystalline CO (α-CO) formed on amorphous H2O (a-H2O) grains in a 10-K molecular cloud, crystalline CH3OH formed by the heating of amorphous CH3OH on a-H2O grains at 40–60 K in young stellar objects, and several polymorphs of hydrogen-ordered cubic ice crystals formed by the heating of a-H2O at 80–100 K and direct condensation at 120–140 K in protoplanetary disks. We also investigated candidates for other chiral ices using published data. We found that NH3 I and NH3·H2O I are chiral at low temperature and pressure conditions. If one-handed circularly polarized light is irradiated during the nucleation of these chiral ice crystals, homochiral crystals can be formed. These results have important implications for the origin of interstellar organic molecule homochirality

OMAE2011-49594 DEVELOPMENT OF 6% NICKEL STEEL FOR LNG STORAGE TANKS

ABSTRACT 9% Ni steel has been used for LNG storage tanks for more than four decades although 5.5% Ni steel (N-TUF CR196) was developed in the 1970&apos;s using a special heat treatment method named L-treatment. The reason why the actual application of 5.5% Ni steel has not been attained to LNG storage tanks is mainly because the requirement of fracture properties is not confirmed for the tanks. Under the circumstances of expanding demand for natural gas and double-integrity in LNG storage tanks, we restarted developing low Ni steel for LNG storage tanks by using both conventional and advanced techniques. For the application of low Ni steel to the present LNG storage tanks, both fracture initiation and propagation properties of base metal plates and welded joints should be concerned. The fracture initiation and propagation properties of base metal were compensated with the intercritical reheating process (L-treatment), and the propagation property was additionally enhanced by combining TMCP with L-treatment. In addition, the chemical composition adjustment and the homogenization treatment of solute elements were conducted for improving the fracture initiation and propagation properties of welded joints. 6% Ni steel plates were manufactured by the process of continuous casting, reheating, hot rolling, direct quenching (TMCP), L-treatment, and tempering, and their chemical composition was 0.05C-0.06Si-1.0Mn-6.3Ni-Cr-Mo. As the results of fracture property evaluation including large-scale fracture tests such as the duplex ESSO test and the wide plate tensile test, it was demonstrated that 6% Ni steel has good characteristics regarding brittle fracture initiation and propagation in base metal plates and welded joints

Clinical Study The Efficacy and Safety of Propiverine Hydrochloride in Patients with Overactive Bladder Symptoms Who Poorly Responded to Previous Anticholinergic Agents

Objectives. To prospectively examine the efficacy and safety of propiverine hydrochloride in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms who poorly responded to previous treatment with solifenacin, tolterodine or imidafenacin. Methods. Patients aged ≥20 with persisting OAB symptoms (≥6 in OAB symptom score (OABSS)) even after at least 4-week treatment using solifenacin, tolterodine or imidafenacin were enrolled. Propiverine 20 mg/day was administered for 12 weeks to 70 patients who desired the further improvement of OAB symptoms and 3 who had intolerable adverse events of previous drugs. The OABSS and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) were determined before and at 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. Results. Of 73 patients enrolled (29 males and 44 females, median age 71 years), 52 completed the protocol treatment. The OABSS was significantly improved by propiverine treatment (9.0 at baseline, 6.2 at 4 weeks, 6.3 at 12 weeks (P &lt; 0.001)). The scores of OAB symptoms (nighttime frequency, urgency and urge incontinence) except daytime frequency also improved significantly. No increase in PVR was observed. The most frequent adverse event was dry mouth (13.7%), followed by constipation (6.8%). Conclusions. Propiverine is useful to improve OAB for patients who poorly respond to solifenacin, tolterodine or imidafenacin