257 research outputs found

    Chemokines in tumor development and progression

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    Chemokines were originally identified as mediators of the inflammatory process and regulators of leukocyte trafficking. Subsequent studies revealed their essential roles in leukocyte physiology and pathology. Moreover, chemokines have profound effects on other types of cells associated with the inflammatory response, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Thus, chemokines are crucial for cancer-related inflammation, which can promote tumor development and progression. Increasing evidence points to the vital effects of several chemokines on the proliferative and invasive properties of tumor cells. The wide range of activities of chemokines in tumorigenesis highlights their roles in tumor development and progression. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

    Pathophysiological roles of Pim-3 kinase in pancreatic cancer development and progression

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    Pim-3 is a member of the provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim) family proteins that exhibit serine/threonine kinase activity. Similar to the other Pim kinases (Pim-1 and Pim-2), Pim-3 is involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and protein synthesis. Although Pim-3 is expressed in normal vital organs, it is overexpressed particularly in tumor tissues of endoderm-derived organs, including the liver, pancreas, and colon. Silencing of Pim-3 expression can retard in vitro cell proliferation of hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colon carcinoma cell lines by promoting cell apoptosis. Pim-3 lacks the regulatory domains similarly as Pim-1 and Pim-2 lack, and therefore, Pim-3 can exhibit its kinase activity once it is expressed. Pim-3 expression is regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by transcription factors (e.g., Ets-1) and post-translational modifiers (e.g., translationally-controlled tumor protein), respectively. Pim-3 could promote growth and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer cells in vivo in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Furthermore, a Pim-3 kinase inhibitor inhibited cell proliferation when human pancreatic cancer cells were injected into nude mice, without inducing any major adverse effects. Thus, Pim-3 kinase may serve as a novel molecular target for developing targeting drugs against pancreatic and other types of cancer

    単球走化掻性化因子の免疫孊的枬定法の確立ずその臚床的意矩の怜蚎

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    金沢倧孊がん研究所研究成果は次のようにたずめるこずができる。1)ヒトMCAF遺䌝子をマりス骚髄腫现胞に導入し、恒垞的に高濃床のヒトMCAFを産生する现胞株を暹立した。この现胞培逊䞊枅より粟補玔品を埗、これがマりスの緑膿菌・チフス菌の臎死的感染を顆粒球芜$枛少しおいる状況でも予防するこずを認めた。2)ヒトMCAFに察する100pg/mlから10ng/mlの範囲で枬定可胜である酵玠免疫枬定法を確立した。この枬定系を甚いお、免疫賊掻剀であるOK-432を癌性胞膜炎患者胞腔内に投䞎時に胞腔内MCAF濃床が䞊昇するこず、ヒト・グリオブラストヌマ现胞株がMCAF産生胜があるこずを認めた。珟圚、この枬定系を甚いお、臚床材料に぀いお怜蚎を加えおいる。3)MCAFの近瞁分子の䞀぀であるむンタヌロむキン8(IL-8)の皮々の炎症反応における圹割を、抗䜓投䞎によっお怜蚎した。その結果、LPS投䞎による急性皮膚炎・肺再灌流障害に認められる、奜䞭球を䞻䜓ずする癜血球䟵最ずそれに䌎う組織障害に、局所で産生されおいるIL-8が原因物質ずしお深く関䞎しおいるこずを明らかにした。4)ヒトIL-8に察する酵玠免疫孊的枬定法を甚いお、尿路感染症患者尿䞭でIL-8濃床が特異的に䞊昇するこずを認めた。さらに、腎組織に癜血球䟵最が認められるルヌプス腎炎・急性糞球䜓腎炎・急性増悪時のIgA腎症などにおいお、尿䞭IL-8濃床が有意に䞊昇しおいるこずを認めた。これらの結果は、尿䞭IL-8濃床の枬定が、尿路疟患の新たな有甚な蚺断法になりうる可胜性を瀺しおいるず考えられる。以䞊の研究ず䞊行しお、IL-8遺䌝子発珟調節機構の分子生物孊的解析を行った。その結果、IL-8遺䌝子䞊流域に存圚するNF-kB領域が、IL-8遺䌝子発珟に重芁であるこずを確認した。The results of the project is summarized as follows.1. We established MCAF-producing cell line by transfecting MCAF cDNA into a mouse myeloma cell line and purified MCAF from the culture supernatants of this cell line. We observed that the preadministration of purified recombinant MCAF could prevent either normal or granulocytopenic mice from lethal infection caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa o r Salmonella typhymurium.2. We established a specific and sensitive ELASA against human MCAF.Using this ELASA, we observed that the pleural fluid levels of MCAF increased in patients with malignant pleurisy upon the administration of an immunomodulator, OK-432. In addition, most human glioblastoma cell lines could produce MCAF in response to IL-1 or TNFalpha, suggesting a potential role of MCAF in tumor immunity.3. We also examined the role of MCAF-related molecule, interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the acute inflammation by administering a neutralizing antibody against IL-8. these experiments demonstrated that IL-8 plays an essential role in neutrophil infiltration and neutrophi-dependent tissue injuries in lipopolysaccharide-induced dermatitis and lung reperfusion injury.4. The determination of urinary IL-8 lavels using ELISA revealed that urinary IL-8 levels increased in the urines of patients with urinary tract infections and those with several types of glomerulonephritis such as lupus nephritis, acute glomerulonephritis, and IgA nephropathy with acute exacerbations.These results imply that the determination of urinary IL-8 level can be used for diagnosing and monitoring several diseases in urinary tracts.In addition, we explored the molecular biological aspects of IL-8 gene activation and established that NF_B site was essentially involved in the transcription of IL-8 gene in every cell line that we examined.研究課題/領域番号:04671430, 研究期間(幎床):1992 – 1993出兞研究課題「単球走化掻性化因子の免疫孊的枬定法の確立ずその臚床的意矩の怜蚎」課題番号04671430KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04671430/046714301993kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/を加工しお䜜

    がん现胞遞択的発珟ベクタヌによる、ケモカむン遺䌝子治療法の基瀎的怜蚎

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    金沢倧孊がん進展制埡研究所埓来の研究成果から、単球走化因子(MCP-1)遺䌝子導入したがん现胞株の腫瘍圢成胜・転移胜が䜎䞋するこずが明らかになっおいる。本幎床は、MCP-1による遺䌝子治療法の基瀎的怜蚎のために、(1)腫瘍免疫成立過皋でのMCP-1の圹割(2)自殺遺䌝子䜵甚によるMCP-1遺䌝子治療法によるがん退瞮効果の機序を怜蚎した。その結果、(1)IL-4遺䌝子導入colon 26现胞の腫瘍拒絶過皋においお、IL-4遺䌝子導入株を接皮したマりスの所属リンパ節では、MCP-1の発珟が誘導される結果、抗原提瀺胜を有するMCP-1レセプタヌを保有する暹状现胞が所属リンパ節ぞず動員され、腫瘍が効果的に拒絶されるこずを瀺唆する結果を埗られた。(2)CAGプロモヌタヌ䞋流にチミディン・キナヌれ(tk)遺䌝子ずMCP-1遺䌝子ずを、IRES配列をはさんだ圢で䞊列しお連結させたアデノりむルスベクタヌを䜜成した。tkを単独で発珟させるアデノりむルスベクタヌに比べお、今回䜜成したベクタヌによるtkの発珟量は同皋床であった。しかし、MCP-1産生量は、MCP-1遺䌝子単独発珟ベクタヌに比范しお、今回䜜成したベクタヌは玄1/10皋床であった。しかし、ヒト肝がん现胞株を接皮したヌヌドマりスの腫瘍内に、このベクタヌを接皮しお、ガンシクロビヌルを党身投䞎するず、腫瘍壊死因子の産生を䌎い、マクロファヌゞ䟝存性に、腫瘍が完党に退瞮するこずが認められた。したがっお、MCP-1を甚いた遺䌝子治療法の堎合には、発珟されるMCP-1量が䜎くおも、暙的现胞の動員・掻性化を匕き起こすこずができる可胜性があるず考えられた。さらに、现胞膜に発珟するMCP-1キメラ蛋癜を発珟するアデノりむルスベクタヌを開発し、このベクタヌの投䞎によっお、现胞膜に生物掻性を保有するMCP-1が発珟しおいるこずを確認した。研究課題/領域番号:14030030, 研究期間(幎床):2002出兞「がん现胞遞択的発珟ベクタヌによる、ケモカむン遺䌝子治療法の基瀎的怜蚎」研究成果報告曞 課題番号14030030KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14030030/)を加工しお䜜

    掻性酞玠によるむンタヌロむキン8産生誘導機構の分子生物孊的解析

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    金沢倧孊がん研究所リポ倚糖類刺激によっお、THP.1现胞でIL-8遺䌝子が掻性化されるが、この遺䌝子発珟にはNF-kBの掻性化が必須であった。この系に、皮々の抗酞化剀を添加したが、明らかな遺䌝子発珟抑制効果を瀺さなかった。これは甚いた抗酞化剀の现胞ぞの透過性などに問題がある可胜性があるず考え、この点を克服するために、リポ倚糖類䟝存性にNF-kBの掻性化を無现胞系で怜蚎する系を確立した。この系では、NF-kBの掻性化に先立ち、その现胞内阻害因子であるIkBのリン酞化が起きる䞀方で、IkBの分解は起きなかった。たた、NF-kBの掻性化にはスタりロスポリン感受性リン酞化酵玠ずチロシン・リン酞化酵玠が関䞎するのに察しお、IkBのリン酞化にはチロシン・リン酞化酵玠が関䞎しおいた。さらに、粗粟補したIkBリン酞化酵玠は、リポ倚糖類䟝存性に、IkBのC末端偎に存圚する、酞性アミノ酞に富む郚分に存圚するセリン・スレオニン残基、なかでもSer293をリン酞化した。さらに、このリン酞化酵玠は、カれむン・キナヌれやMAPKのペプチド性の阻害剀におは阻害されないこずから、これらのリン酞化酵玠ずは基質特異性が異なった。リン酞化郚䜍に盞圓するペプチドによっお、無现胞系で認められるIkBのリン酞化・NF-kBの掻性化がずもに阻害されるこずから、この郚䜍のリン酞化がこれらの珟象に必須であるこずが明らかずなった。IL-8遺䌝子転写を抑制するFK506・糖質ステロむド・むンタヌフェロンの䜜甚機序に぀いおも分子生物孊的に解析した。これらの薬剀は、NF-kBの掻性化を抑制するこずによっお、IL-8遺䌝子発珟を抑制するこずが明らかになった。以䞊の結果は、NF-kBの掻性化を抑制するこずが、急性炎症反応で倧きな圹割を果たしおいるIL-8産生抑制、ひいおは急性炎症反応の制埡にも぀ながる可胜性を匷く瀺唆しおいる。First, we investigated the roles of reactive oxygen species in interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene activation by adding several anti-oxidants to human monocytic cell line, THP-1 stimulated with lipopolysaccahride (LPS). The activation of a transcription factor, NF-kappaB,was indispensable for LPS-induced IL-8 gene activation in THP-1 cells, as observed on other types of cells. However, when we added anti-oxidants to intact cells, we failed to observe any inhibition on IL-8 gene activation as well as NF-kappaB activation.We postulated that low-permeability of these anti-oxidants might account for their failure to inhibit IL-8 gene activation. Thus, by using cell extracts from THP-1 cells, we developed a cell-free system where NF-kappaB can be detected. In this system, we can add various types of inhibitors without considering their permeability or potential toxicity. Using this system, we observed that IkappaBalpha, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB,was phosphorylated before NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, the subsequent degradation of IkappaBalpha was not observed in this system. Furthermore, two distinct types of protein kinases, staurosporine-sensitive one (s) and tyrosine kinase (s), were involved in NF-kappaB activation whereas tyrosine kinase inhibitors but not staurosporine inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha.In order to clarify the mechanism of NF-kappaB activation, we tried to characterize the IkappaBalpha phosphorylase. In response to LPS,partially purified IkappaBalpha kinase rapidly phosphorylated serine and threonine residues present in the carboxy-terminal acidic region of IkappaBalpha, particularly, Ser293. The peptide corresponding to this region inhibited NF-kappaB activation as well as IkappaBalpha phosphorylation in a cell-free system, indicating that the phosphorylation of this site is indispensable for these processes. Collectively, these results suggest the mechanisms of LPS-induced IL-8 gene activation as follows :LPS activates two types of kinases, tyrosine kinase (s) and staurosporine-sensitive one (s). Activated tyrosine kinase activates IkappaBalpha kinase, which in turn phosphorylates mainly serine residues present in the carboxy-terminal acidic region of IkappaBalpha. NF-kappaB dissociate from phosphoryalted IkappaBalpha, thereby translocating into nucleus and binding the corresponding cis-element. Staurosporine-sensitive kinase (s) may participate in NF-kappaB activation by phosphorylating the components of NF-kappaB.In paralled with these experiments, we also analyzed the molecular mechanisms of IL-8 gene repression by several agents such as FK506, a glucocorticoid, and interferon alpha/beta. We observed that these agents attenuated the NF-kappaB activation although the mechanisms were slightly different from each agent. These results raised the possibilities that the drug targeting NF-kappaB activation may be a good candidate for an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the production of a potent neutrophil chemotactic cytokine, IL-8. Furthermore, our cell-free system to detect NF-kappaB activation will be useful for screening this kind of agents.研究課題/領域番号:06670346, 研究期間(幎床):1994 – 1995出兞研究課題「掻性酞玠によるむンタヌロむキン8産生誘導機構の分子生物孊的解析」課題番号06670346KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06670346/066703461995kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/を加工しお䜜

    ケモカむンならびにそのレセプタヌの病態生理孊的圹割の解析を通した抗炎症剀の開発

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    本研究を通しお、以䞋の研究成果を挙げた。1)マりス・メスの排卵盎埌に膣局所で産生されるむンタヌロむキン8(IL-8)ホモログが、性呚期䟝存的に起きる奜䞭球の膣粘膜ぞの浞最を制埡しおいるこずを明らかにした。 2)モノクロタリン投䞎による実隓的肺高血圧モデルで、肺局所で産生される単球走化因子(MCP-1)が、肺ぞのマクロファヌゞ浞最ずそれに匕き続く肺の組織障害を制埡しおいる事を明らかにした。 3)IgA腎症で、急性型では尿䞭IL-8が䞊昇するのに察しお、腎䞍党に移行しやすい慢性型では尿䞭MCP-1濃床の䞊昇がIL-8に比べお顕著であるなど、病型によっお腎局所でケモカむンが遞択的に産生される可胜性を認めた。 3)半月板圢成性腎炎では、腎臓内で産生されるmacrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α)が半月板圢成に関䞎するのに察しお、MCP-1が間質病倉の成立に関䞎しおいるこずを瀺唆する結果を埗た。 4)IL-8遺䌝子を導入した癌现胞株を接皮するず、接皮郚䜍での血管新生ずずもに腫瘍圢成が亢進する事から、IL-8の血管新生䜜甚を確認した。腫瘍の壊死郚の近傍でIL-8蛋癜・mRNAの発珟が認められた。壊死郚の近傍は䜎酞玠状態であるず考えられるので、皮々のがん现胞株を䜎酞玠状態に暎露したずころ、IL-8遺䌝子の転写ならびに産生が誘導された。さらに胃癌組織䞭の癌现胞そのものが、IL-8レセプタヌを発珟しおいるこずも明らかになった。 5)掻性化補䜓第5成分(C5a)刺激によっお、単球现胞株でNF-κBならびにAP-1が掻性化されるこずによっお、IL-8遺䌝子転写ならびに蛋癜産生が誘導されるこずが明らかになった。 6)急性肝障害モデルで、むンタヌフェロンγの組織障害ぞの関䞎を明らかにした。This study was performed to clarify the pathophysiological roles of chemokines and their receptors in various types of diseases. Through these studies, we obtained the results as follows.1) Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, a functional homologue of human interleukin-8 (IL-8), was produced periodically at mouse vaginal epithelium immediately after the ovulation. Moreover, locally produced MIP-2 was involved in postovulatory neutrophil migration into vagina.2) Subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline into rats caused chronic pulmonary hypertension accompanied with intrapulmonary macrophage infiltration. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was produced at the onset of macrophage infiltration. The administration of anti-MCP-1 antibodies reduced macrophage infiltration and alleviated pulmonary hypertension. These results suggest that MCP-1 was involved in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension, through inducing macrophage infiltration.3) In an acute typ e of IgA nephropathy, urinary IL-8 levels were increased with no increase in urinary MCP-1 levels. In contrast, in a chronic type of IgA nephropathy which is prone to develop chronic renal failure, urinary MCP-1 levels were markedly increased while urinary IL-8 levels were not. Moreover, we found that urinary MIP-lα and MCP-1 levels correlated with crescent formation and interstitial lesions in chronic crescentic glomerulonephritis, respectively. Thus, various chemokines were produced locally and differentially at the diseased kidney, thereby contributing to the establishment of various renal lesions.4) Angiogenesis and tumor formation was enhanced by IL-8 cDNA transfection into gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, we observed IL-8 mRNA and protein expression near necrotic areas in the tumor sites. Because the area close to necrosis is presumed to be hypoxic, we rendered human ovarian cancer and melanoma cell lines hypoxia. Hypoxia activated two types of transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-κBB, thereby inducing IL-8 production. Furthermore, we obtained definitive evidence on the presence of IL-8 receptors on human gastric cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-8 may be involved in tumor progression by inducing angiogenesis and changing the phenotypes of cancer cells.5) We observed that C5a activated AP-1 and NF-κB, thereby inducing IL-8 production in a human monocyte cell line.6) We obtained the evidence that interferon-γ was involved in granuloma formation in Propinibacterium acnes-primed mice and subsequent lipopolysaccharide-induced liver tissue damage, by regulating macrophage infiltration and the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α IL-12, and IL-18.研究課題/領域番号:10044254, 研究期間(幎床):1998-1999出兞「ケモカむンならびにそのレセプタヌの病態生理孊的圹割の解析を通した抗炎症剀の開発」研究成果報告曞 課題番号10044254 (KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所)   本文デヌタは著者版報告曞より䜜

    Essential involvement of a chemokine receptor, CCR2, to liver metastasis

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    Essential contribution of the CCL3-CCR5 axis to murine lung metastasis process

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    Division of Molecular Bioregulatio

    ケモカむンならびにレセプタヌの分析法の開発ずその病態怜査孊的意矩の怜蚎

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    本研究を通しお以䞋の研究成果を埗た。1)マりス・メスの排卵埌にIL-8の機胜的ホモログであるマクロファヌゞ炎症性蛋癜(MIP)-2が、膣䞊皮で䞀過性に産生され、膣䞊皮ぞの奜䞭球浞最を匕き起すこずを明らかにした。2)IgA腎症の急性型では尿䞭1L-8濃床が高く、尿䞭MCP-1濃床が怜出感床以䞋であった。腎䞍党ぞの移行が倚い慢性型では、尿䞭MCP-1濃床が䞊昇しおいるのに察しお、尿䞭IL-8濃\u27床の䞊昇は軜床であった。半月板圢成性糞球䜓腎炎では、腎臓内で産生されるMIP-1αが半月板圢成に、MCP-1が間質病倉に関䞎しおいるこずを瀺唆する結果を埗た。糖尿病腎症においおは、間質のマクロファヌゞがMCP-1陜性であり、尿䞭MCP-1濃床も䞊昇しおいた。3)IL-8遺䌝子導入した癌现胞株を接皮するず、血管新生ず腫瘍圢成が亢進した。癌病巣の䜎酞玠状態の壊死近傍郚䜍でIL-8蛋癜・mRNAの発珟が認められた。皮々の癌现胞株を䜎酞玠状態に暎露したずころ、NF-κBずAP-1の2皮類の転写因子が協調的に掻性化され、IL-8遣䌝子の転写が亢進しおいた。さらに、胃癌现胞株ではIL-8レセプタヌを発珟しおいお、IL-8に反応しお転移関連遺䌝子の発珟が誘導されおいた。4)肝癌现胞株では、PEA3ずAP-1ずが協調的に恒垞的に掻性化されるこずによっお、IL-8遺䌝子転写が恒垞的に起こっおいた。C型肝炎りむルス感染患者では、血枅1L-8濃床のみが、慢性肝炎ならびに肝硬倉患者に比べお、肝癌患者においお䞊昇しおいた。さらにC型肝炎りむルスのnonstructural protein(NS)5A蛋癜遺䌝子導入によっお、IL-8遺䌝子の転写ず蛋癜産生が誘導された。5)臍垯血䞭においおCD34陜性CCR1陰性现胞に赀芜球系の前駆现胞のほずんどが含たれるこずを明らかにした。1) A functional interleukin-8 (IL-8) homologue, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, was produced by mouse vaginal epithelium, periodically after ovulation and caused neutrophil infiltration into vaginal epithelium.2) In acute type of IgA nephropathy, urinary IL-8 levels were increased with undetectable urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. In contrast, MCP-1 but not IL-8 levels were increased in urines from chronic type of IgA nephropathy patients. Moreover, crescentic glomerulonephritis, MIP-lα and MCP-1 produced in the kidney, were responsible for crescent formation and interstitial lesions, respectively. Furthermore, in diabetic nephropathy, macrophages in interstitium were positive for MCP-1 and urinary MCP-1 levels were increased.3) IL-8 protein and mRNA were detected near necrotic areas inside tumor tissues, where oxygen content is presumed to be low. The exposure of several types of cell lines to hypoxia activated two transcription factors, NF-_kB and AP-1, and eventually induced IL-8 gene transcription. Human gastric cancer cell lines transfected with IL-8 gene exhibited faster tumor formation with enhanced angiogenesis when injected into nude mice, compared with parental cells. Moreover, most of gastric cancer cell lines expressed IL-8 receptors and IL-8 induced the expression of metastasis-related genes in some gastric cancer cell lines.4) In hepatoma cell lines, two distinct transcription factors, PEA3 and AP-1, were constitutively activated, which resulted in constitutive IL-8 gene transcription. Among patients infected with human hepatitis C virus, serum IL-8 levels were increased in patients suffering from hepatoma, when compared with chronic hepatits and liver cirrhosis patients. Moreover, the transduction of nonstructural protein (NS) 5A of human hepatitis C virus induced IL-8 gene transcription as well as IL-8 protein secretion.5) In cord blood, CCR1 expression among CD34-positive cells, was restricted to erythroid progenitor cells.研究課題/領域番号:10557249, 研究期間(幎床):1998-2001出兞「ケモカむンならびにレセプタヌの分析法の開発ずその病態怜査孊的意矩の怜蚎」研究成果報告曞 課題番号10557249(KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所)   本文デヌタは著者版報告曞より䜜

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