Secondary metabolites screening from in-vitro cultured Rauwolfia tetraphylla by HPTLC-MS: A special emphasises on their antimicrobial applications

The current study designed at evaluating the phytochemical, trace metal concentration and antimicrobial properties were screened by the ethanolic extracts of in-vitro cultured medicinal plant Rauwolfia tetraphylla . The In-vitro shoots proliferation from nodal explants of R. tetraphylla using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1mM of NAA and 0.25mM of BAP was effectively induce the shoot buds. The phytochemical analysis of cultured plant extracts revealed the presence of steroids, reducing sugars, sugars, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoid, saponins, tannins and amino acids. In continuously, we assessed by HPTLC coupled with mass spectrum, based on the mass spectrum were easily identified the major compounds such as 3-isoreserpine, ajmalicine, ajmaline, reserpine and yohimbine from R. tetraphylla . Metal contents of plant samples, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations are BDL, BDL, 0.12, 0.68, BDL, BDL and 0.62 mg kg-1, respectively. The ethanol extraction of in-vitro R. tetraphylla inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi to a greater extent

Determination of Adulteration and Quantity of Petrol in Automobiles

Determination of adulteration and quantity of petrol in automobiles is implemented to ensure quality, quantity and to determine the efficiency of the engine through mileage. It consists of pH meter, LDR arrangement, proximity sensor, PIC microcontroller and LCD. The pH meter is used for the quality testing of petrol and its values should range between 5.5-5.88 to indicate petrol without adulteration. LDR arrangement produce a change in the voltage according to the level of petrol in the tank is used for quantity measurement. Proximity sensor is used to determine the petrol consumption between the levels of LDR arrangement by calculating the number of rotations of the wheel through induction type. The inputs from the pH Meter, LDR setup and proximity sensor are connected to the PIC microcontroller. Based on the voltage level produced from the sensors, PIC controller would calculate and display the corresponding values of quality, quantity and mileage of the vehicle

Food Waste to Biogas: A Performance Evaluation

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is implementing the National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP) in all the States and UTs of the country. About 47.5 Lakh biogas plants have already been installed in the country upto 31st March, 2014. During the year 2014-15, a target of setting up 1, 10,000biogas plants has been set. In India, approximately 5 million small scale biogas plants are currently in operation. The Biogas plant is the best option for households having feed material, to become self- dependent for cooking gas and highly organic enriched bio-manure. It provides the solution to protect the households from the problems of indoor air pollution and while saving on cost of refilling of LPG cylinders.Bio gas -a source from the waste is an excellent form of renewable energy. The waste fromfood, plant and animal is effectively processed & evolved in the form of energy which is a green &clean. By implementing Bio gas plants, greater benefits to the society and mankind is achieved. Spectrum of benefits could be achieved in Bio Gas plant such as reduced GHG emissions, reduced dependency on imported fossil fuels, reduced carbon foot print, waste reduction, utilisation of waste to good, job creation, low water inputs, flexible and efficient use of bio-gas,benefits to farmers such as additional income to the farmers involved, use of digestate as excellent fertilizer and a Closed nutrient cycle.Biogas implementation using kitchen waste allows it to safe disposal of the waste & also reduces Landfills. The concept of our plant is based on Digestion, which is a biological process that occurs in the presence of anaerobic organisms at ambient pressures and temperature 35 � 70�C.Anaerobic Digestion is a microbial process for the production of biogas which consists of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Bio gas is a clean & slow burning gas which has a calorific value of 5000- 5500kcal/kg (20935- 23028 kJ/kg)& the process involves the following steps: Pulverising the waste, Hydrolysis, Moisture removal, Pre Digestion, Main Digestion & Production of Methane Bio Gas. Biogas thus produced, is being utilised as a cooking fuel in Ladies hostel at GRI. (Foran approximate strength of 1000 Nos and for one partial meal per day). The Digestate, thus produced as slurry is collected and used as manure for plants in campus. GRI is glad to submit this paper as a real time project, which is based on sustainable development& could open avenues to rural economy and effective use of waste management � a mantra for all developing & developed countries

Clinical Comparitive Study on Soft Tissue defects in Sieberts Class I Ridge using Collacote™ impregnated with Platelet Rich Plasma to Autogenous Connective Tissue Graft; Three Month Study

BACKGROUND: The present study was to compare and evaluate the clinical outcome of soft tissue defects in Class I Seibert’s Ridge following soft tissue augmentation with the absorbable collagen (CollaCote™) impregnated with platelet rich plasma to autogenous connective tissue graft. MATERIALS & METHOD: Eighteen patients were selected from the Outpatient pool of the Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Chennai for this comparative clinical trial. The horizontal soft tissue ridge was augmented using absorbable collagen (Collacote™) impregnated with platelet rich plasma to autogenous connective tissue graft. All these patients exhibited Seibert’s type I ridge defect, in the anterior region. Prior to their enrollment in to the study the entire surgical procedure and its outcome were explained to the patients following which an informed consent was obtained. All selected patients were assessed clinically for mean width of keratinized gingiva, changes in papillary height, horizontal dimensional change at mesial, midbuccal and distal region and vertical defect morphology at baseline and after 3 month follow-up. Statistical analysis was done using non parametric test- ‘Mann–Whitney U test’. RESULTS: At the end of the 3 month period, there was no significant increase in the mean width of keratinized gingiva or vertical defect measurement in both the test and the control groups. However, there was a significant average increase in the horizontal dimension of the ridge in both the test and the control groups . (82% in group A and 79% in group B). Similarly, papillary height measurements in group B(control) showed an average increase of 1.39±0.22 when compared to group A(mesial papailla-1.72±0.51,distal papilla-1.67±0.43). CONCLUSION: The present clinical study clearly demonstrates the use of the collagen sponge (Collacote™) impregnated with PRP to that of Connective tissue graft as a predictable treatment modality in the soft tissue defect of Seibert’s Class I ridge regardless of the initial gingival biotype, indicating that the thin gingival biotype can be converted to the thick gingival biotype morphologically and behaviouraly after this procedure. In patients with thin palatal mucosa where the connective tissue of proper thickness cannot be harvested, CollacoteTM with PRP can be a viable alternative to CTG in treating soft tissue ridge defects

Effect of α-Lipoic Acid on Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet

This study investigated the effect of administration of α-lipoic acid (LA) on lipid metabolism in high fructose–fed insulin-resistant rats. High-fructose feeding (60 g/100 g diet) to normal rats resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), free fatty acids (FFAs), and phospholipids in plasma, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. Reduced activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and increased activity of the lipogenic enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl–coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase were observed in plasma and liver. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lowered and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly elevated. Treatment with LA (35 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal) reduced the effects of fructose. The rats showed near-normal levels of lipid components on plasma and tissues. Activities of key enzymes of lipid metabolism were also restored to normal values. Cholesterol distribution in the plasma lipoproteins was normalized, resulting in a favorable lipid profile. This study demonstrates that LA can alter lipid metabolism in fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats and may have implications in the treatment of insulin resistance