Highly Cited Works in Animal Clinical Trials: A Scientometric mapping of Research Publications

This paper analyses the 2555 publications with more than 100 citations indexed in Web of Science under research in Animal Clinical Trials. These publications have been received 556159 Citations, written by 13280 authors from 2833 institutes across the world. The most productive countries are: USA is the leading country with 1442 (56.4%), UK with 304 (11.9%), Germany 209 (8.2%), Canada 179(7%), Australia (130), Italy (132), Netherlands (116). It is noted that 13 Countries registered more than 10000 Citations, 23 with more than 5000 Citations, 38 Countries with more than 1000 Citations. The most cited Institutions are: Harvard University is leading with 27478 Citations for 108 publications followed University of California San Diego with 14896 Citations for 46 Publications, University of Pettsburgh with 13746 Citations for 38 Publications, Johns Hopikins University with 12120 Citations for 53 Publications. There are 929 periodicals are preferred and also with high impact. The most cited journals are: Cancer Research published the largest number of the highly cited publications (50 papers, 10620 Citations), followed by Circulation with 9998 Citations for 37 Publications, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA with 9317 Citations for 32 Publications, Lancet with 9181 Citations, JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION with 7547 Citations for 21 Publications and New England Journal of Medicine with 6944 Citations for 11 Publications. The most cited authors are: Ahmad N with 4554 Citations for 4 Publications followed by Kellum JA and Ronco C with 4372 Citations for 2 publications respectively, Altman DG with 4231 Citations for 3 Publications. The most cited one is “Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky P (2004). Acute renal failure - definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group”, published in CRITICAL CARE with 4181 Citations

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Bilayer Floating Tablets of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Carvedilol

INTRODUCTION:ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM1 A drug can be administered through various routes to produce prompt pharmacological effect. An oral delivery is considered as most favoured route of delivery in the pharmaceutical industry. This is due to following reasons: 1. Oral route is most convenient and uncomplicated 2. Ease of administration and safe 3. Improved patient compliance 4. Cost-effective Oral solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules have been formulated and developed nowadays since they are the most effective routes of administration of a new drug. Nevertheless, it is probable that at least 90% of all drugs used to produce systemic effects are administered by the oral route. Tablets and capsules represent unit dosage forms in which one usual dose of the drug has been accurately placed.AIM OF THE WORK:To combine Rosuvastatin calcium and Carvedilol in a single dosage form due to their cardioprotective effects on various cardiovascular events. 1. To increase the gastric residence time of formulation in order to increase the bioavailability and efficacy of drug for better patient compliance by giving in floating drug delivery system. 2. To optimize the immediate release tablet of Rosuvastatin Calcium by direct compression method using various super disintegrants such as Sodium Starch Glycolate, Crospovidone and Croscarmellose Sodium. 3. To optimize the gastroretentive floating layer tablets of Carvedilol by Direct compression method using natural and synthetic polymer such as Xanthan gum, guar gum and HPMC K 100 in different ratios. 4. To formulate and evaluate the gastroretentive bilayer floating tablets from the optimized batches of immediate and floating tablet formulations.PLAN OF WORK:Preformulation studies. 1. Raw material analysis 2. Physical and chemical compatibility studies, Construction of Calibration curve.Precompression studies of drug and blends. Formulation of immediate release (IR) compressed tablets

An Optimization Model for Secure Sharing of Visual Cryptographic Images Generated by Using arbitrary Pixel Stereogram

Visual cryptography schemes (VCSs) are the methods to provide data security in network systems by generating random and non meaningful shares of a original image under consideration. There occurs a problem of transmission loss and also the possibility of the intruder attack when the shares are passed within the same network. Previous research have focused on hiding the shares in halftone images but the possible risks they lead to are pixel expansion problems and degradation in the quality of the resultant images. Hence a binocular VCS (BVCS) and an encryption algorithm are proposed to hide the shared pixels in the single image random dot stereogram’s (SIRDSs) along with the different modes of transmission for the generated possible shares. Since the SIRDSs have the same 2D appearance as the conventional shares of a VCS, this paper tries to use SIRDSs as cover images of the shares of VCSs to reduce the transmission risk of the shares. The encryption algorithm used may modify the random dots in SIRDS’s to equalize the quality of the resultant image. This process is done using the construction rule of BVCS. Altering the dots may also have a impact on the pixel quality and hence an optimization model based on the quality requirement is used. Finally the shares are passed to the recipients over varied networks DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150314

Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Prolonging Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomised Controlled Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine on prolongation of spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Study population comprised of 100 patients scheduled for abdominal/vaginal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia. 100 adult patients classified as ASA 1 or 2 were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups In Group-D patients received hyperbaric intrathecal bupivacaine anesthesia 3.5ml 0.5% (17.5 mg) and intravenous Dexmedetomidine 0.5micro grams/Kg in10 ml normal saline over 10 minutes after initiation of spinal block. In Group C patients received hyperbaric bupivacaine anaesthesia 3.5 ml 0.5% (17.5mg) and intravenous normal saline 10 ml over 10 minutes. RESULTS: The time for the motor block to become B0 was 243±17.0 minutes in the study group and in the control group it was 211.2±16.7 minutes. The total time for sensory level to reach S1 was 255±8.6in the study group while it was 210.8±33,1 in the control group. The time for two dermatome regression from the maximal level was 125.2±17.5minutes in the study group and 94.6±18.9 in the control group. This proved the significant prolongation of motor block, sensory block, sensory block to regress from the maximal level in the study group with a p value of 0.001***. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine in the dose of 0.5 microgram/kg given as single intravenous dose to patients who underwent abdominal/vaginal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia significantly prolonged the duration of sensory and motor blockade and also caused arousable sedation

Effect of α-Lipoic Acid on Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet

This study investigated the effect of administration of α-lipoic acid (LA) on lipid metabolism in high fructose–fed insulin-resistant rats. High-fructose feeding (60 g/100 g diet) to normal rats resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), free fatty acids (FFAs), and phospholipids in plasma, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. Reduced activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and increased activity of the lipogenic enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl–coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase were observed in plasma and liver. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lowered and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly elevated. Treatment with LA (35 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal) reduced the effects of fructose. The rats showed near-normal levels of lipid components on plasma and tissues. Activities of key enzymes of lipid metabolism were also restored to normal values. Cholesterol distribution in the plasma lipoproteins was normalized, resulting in a favorable lipid profile. This study demonstrates that LA can alter lipid metabolism in fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats and may have implications in the treatment of insulin resistance

Evaluating the taxonomic status of Solanum nigrum L. using flow cytometry and DNA barcoding technique

Solanum nigrum L. is a widely distributed species whose taxonomic status remains controversial. The ploidy determination of all the accessions were done based on stomatal, pollen and some morphological characters but morphometry could not provide solution to distinguish these species. In this study, ploidy status of all the accessions were done using flow cytometry and DNA barcoding technique was also applied to identify and distinguish 13 distinct germplasm collections. DNA of all 13 accessions was isolated and sequenced. The sequence was aligned using DNASTAR offline Software. The DNA sequence was subjected to BLAST for identifying at species level. The intra specific variation between the species was calculated using MEGA 5.0. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that among the 13 accessions, six were identified as S. americanum Mill, three were identified as S. nigrum Linn. and four were identified as S. villosum Mill. &nbsp

The witch's brew, the fears within and the regional security: implications for India

This paper is about the fears within India (K.P.S. Gill, Daily News and Analysis, Mumbai, August 23,2007) because of (a) the criminalization of politics, the irrationality and irresponsibility of political responses over extended periods of time, the continuous degeneration of the policing and internal security apparatus, the failure to maintain and create policing capacities in proportion to the country's needs, and the collapse of the entire justice system, and (b) the growing insurgencies within India, particularly because of communal problems, and the left wing extremism (of the Maoists) and their links with countries in the neighborhood (Bangladesh, Thailand, for example). India itself is deeply susceptible to destabilization because of disorder and no governance plaguing large parts of the country. But of course India has had a long and continuous experience in die management of internal security crises, starting in the massive and bloody upheavals of Partition from the early 1950s and a succession of insurgencies and terrorist movements, starting with the Naga rebellion in 1952. It is also the case that the country has, in many instances, been able to successfully tackle, contain or neutralize such movements whenever a determined political leadership and consensus has backed coordinated action by the security forces. There is yet a range of other internal] security challenges, including communal polarization and rioting, organized and trans-national crime, criminal politics and political crime, afflicting different parts of the country from time to time, and they have been countered with mixed success within a broad context of almost continuous decline in the country's administrative, security and justice systems (Nihar Nayak, Faultiness 17, February 15, 2006: 126-151; ). This paper is a quick summary of all these problems, towards an understanding of the regional security and the implications for India. The paper is closely looking at the country's counter insurgency experiences taking select case studies and analyses the deeper reasons and proposes strategies to overcome and / or eliminate the insurgency and security problems in the country and the South Asian Regio

Game theory based Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol to Extend the Wireless Sensor Networks Life Time

This paper proposes a solution to increase the energy life time of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) via a concept of game theory enabled ad-hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing algorithm. Game theory is an optimal promising candidate for decision making in a wireless networking scenario to find the optimal path for data packets transfer between source node and destination node, where combination with the AODV routing algorithm, a procedure of game theory enabled AODV (GTEAODV) is developed and proposed in this research paper. The developed and proposed methodology is validated through simulation in NS2 environment and the results show an improvement in energy life time of the order of 30-35% in comparison to the existing routing methodology which uses co-operative routing techniques among the nodes in WSN. Further, the throughput of game theory enabled adhoc on demand routing is also highly improved in comparison to existing traditional approaches though obtained results. Though, game theory approach is an existing approach concatenation of it with AODV can provide increased network performance which is significant as portrayed in research results shown in the paper. Hence, by virtue of providing enhanced energy life time and data security through the nature of the algorithm, the proposed GTEAODV algorithm can be employed in defence applications for secure data transmission and reception for forthcoming deployment of 5G systems which are blossoming in world wide scenario

Ethyl 4-hy­droxy-2,6-diphenyl-1-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)acet­yl]-1,2,5,6-tetra­hydro­pyridine-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C27H32N2O4, the piperidine and tetra­hydro­pyridine rings adopt chair and half-chair conformations, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 32.9 (1)°. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by a strong intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, generating an S(6) motif. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions form a ribbon-like structure along the a axis