What’s New in Musculoskeletal Infection

JBJSThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

What's New in Musculoskeletal Infection: Update Across Orthopaedic Subspecialties

JBJSThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Polysaccharide hydrogel based 3D printed tumor models for chemotherapeutic drug screening

Abstract A series of stable and ready-to-use bioinks have been developed based on the xeno-free and tunable hydrogel (VitroGel) system. Cell laden scaffold fabrication with optimized polysaccharide-based inks demonstrated that Ink H4 and RGD modified Ink H4-RGD had excellent rheological properties. Both bioinks were printable with 25–40 kPa extrusion pressure, showed 90% cell viability, shear-thinning and rapid shear recovery properties making them feasible for extrusion bioprinting without UV curing or temperature adjustment. Ink H4-RGD showed printability between 20 and 37 °C and the scaffolds remained stable for 15 days at temperature of 37 °C. 3D printed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient derived xenograft cells (PDCs) showed rapid spheroid growth of size around 500 µm in diameter and tumor microenvironment formation within 7 days. IC50 values demonstrated higher resistance of 3D spheroids to docetaxel (DTX), doxorubicin (DOX) and erlotinib compared to 2D monolayers of NSCLC-PDX, wild type triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 WT) and lung adenocarcinoma (HCC-827) cells. Results of flow property, shape fidelity, scaffold stability and biocompatibility of H4-RGD suggest that this hydrogel could be considered for 3D cell bioprinting and also for in-vitro tumor microenvironment development for high throughput screening of various anti-cancer drugs

Reviewers

Foreword On behalf of the entire program committee, we would like to welcome you to the first Value-Prediction Workshop (VPW1) held in San Diego in conjunction with the 30th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. The scope of VPW1 includes all hardware and software speculation mechanisms as well as value profiling and other value-based optimization techniques. Value prediction has come a long way since the first publications in 1996, with currently about 50 papers in the literature and a number of granted patents. Clearly, value prediction is an active and exciting research area. We were pleased to receive high-quality submissions from academia and industry, from Asia, Europe, and North America. We are also fortunate to have three of the first value-prediction researchers on the program committee (Mikko H. Lipasti, Avi Mendelson, and Yiannakis Sazeides). We received nineteen submissions of which we accepted twelve (63 % acceptance rate). At least two program committee members reviewed each submission. We would like to thank the PC members and the external reviewers for all their hard work, which resulted in an excellent workshop program. VPW1 covers such diverse topics as misprediction recovery schemes, software prediction, energy reduction approaches, and automatic predictor synthesis

Patents and pills, power and procedure: the North-South politics of public health in the WTO

Developing countries have limited control over the distributional and substantive dimensions of international institutions, but they retain an important stake in a rule-based international order that can reduce uncertainty and stabilize expectations. Because international institutions can provide small states with a potential mechanism to bind more powerful states to mutually recognized rules, developing countries may seek to strengthen the procedural dimensions of multilateral institutions. Clear and strong multilateral rules cannot substitute for weakness, but they can help ameliorate some of the vulnerability that is a product of developing countries’ position in the international system. This article uses the contemporary international politics of intellectual property rights (IPRs) as a lens to examine North-South conflicts over international economic governance and the possibilities of institutional reform. Lacking the power to revise the substance of the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), developing countries, allied with a network of international public health activists, subsequently designed strategies to operate within the constraining international political reality they faced. They sought to clarify the rules of international patent law, to affirm the rights established during the TRIPS negotiations, and to minimize vulnerability to opportunism by powerful states. In doing so the developing countries reinforced global governance in IPRs