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Detection of a weak magnetic field via cavity enhanced Faraday rotation
We study the sensitive detection of a weak static magnetic field via Faraday
rotation induced by an ensemble of spins in a bimodal degenerate microwave
cavity. We determine the limit of the resolution for the sensitivity of the
magnetometry achieved using either single-photon or multiphoton inputs. For the
case of a microwave cavity containing an ensemble of Nitrogen-vacancy defects
in diamond, we obtain a magnetometry sensitivity exceeding
0.5~\text{\nano\tesla}/\sqrt{\text{\hertz}}, utilizing a single photon probe
field, while for a multiphoton input we achieve a sensitivity about 1
\text{\femto\tesla}/\sqrt{\text{\hertz}}, using a coherent probe microwave
field with power of P_\text{in}=1~\text{\nano\watt}.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
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