Preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity of CPT/Fe2O3-embedded PLGA ultrafine composite fibers: a synergistic approach to develop promising anticancer material

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Connexin32 inhibits gastric carcinogenesis through cell cycle arrest and altered expression of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1

Gap junctions and their structural proteins, connexins (Cxs), havebeen implicated in carcinogenesis. To explore the involvement ofCx32 in gastric carcinogenesis, immunochemical analysis of Cx32and proliferation marker Ki67 using tissue-microarrayed humangastric cancer and normal tissues was performed. In addition, afterCx32 overexpression in the human gastric cancer cell line AGS,cell proliferation, cell cycle analyses, and p21Cip1 and p27Kip1expression levels were examined by bromodeoxyuridine assay,flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, and western blotting.Immunohistochemical study noted a strong inverse correlationbetween Cx32 and Ki67 expression pattern as well as theirlocation. In vitro, overexpression of Cx32 in AGS cells inhibitedcell proliferation significantly. G1 arrest, up-regulation of cellcycle-regulatory proteins p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 was also found atboth mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, Cx32 plays someroles in gastric cancer development by inhibiting gastric cancercell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and cell cycle regulatoryproteins. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(1): 25-30

Role of histamine-mediated macrophage differentiation in clearance of metastatic bacterial infection

Macrophages are highly heterogeneous immune cells with a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, especially in activating the defense response to bacterial infection. Using flow cytometric and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses of peritoneal cells, we here show that small peritoneal macrophage and immature macrophage populations are enriched in histamine-deficient (Hdc-/-) mice, characterized by a CD11bmiF4/80loCCR2+MHCIIhi and CD11bloF4/80miTHBS1+IL-1α+ phenotype, respectively. Molecular characterization revealed that immature macrophages represent an abnormally differentiated form of large peritoneal macrophages with strong inflammatory properties. Furthermore, deficiency in histamine signaling resulted in significant impairment of the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage populations, conferring high susceptibility to bacterial infection. Collectively, this study reveals the importance of histamine signaling in macrophage differentiation at the molecular level to maintain tissue homeostasis, offering a potential therapeutic target for bacterial infection-mediated diseases

Hydroxyapatite Mineralization on the Calcium Chloride Blended Polyurethane Nanofiber via Biomimetic Method

Polyurethane nanofibers containing calcium chloride (CaCl2) were prepared via an electrospinning technique for the biomedical applications. Polyurethane nanofibers with different concentration of CaCl2 were electrospun, and their bioactivity evaluation was conducted by incubating in biomimetic simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The morphology, structure and thermal properties of the polyurethane/CaCl2 composite nanofibers were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. SEM images revealed that the CaCl2 salt incorporated homogeneously to form well-oriented nanofibers with smooth surface and uniform diameters along their lengths. The SBF incubation test confirmed the formation of apatite-like materials, exhibiting enhanced bioactive behavior of the polyurethane/CaCl2 composite nanofibers. This study demonstrated that the electrospun polyurethane containing CaCl2 composite nanofibers enhanced the in vitro bioactivity and supports the growth of apatite-like materials