Breakup of finite-size liquid filaments: Transition from no-breakup to breakup including substrate effects

This work studies the breakup of finite-size liquid filaments, when also including substrate effects, using direct numerical simulations. The study focuses on the effects of three parameters: Ohnesorge number, the ratio of the viscous forces to inertial and surface tension forces, the liquid filament aspect ratio, and where there is a substrate, a measure of the fluid slip on the substrate, i.e. slip length. Through these parameters, it is determined whether a liquid filament breaks up during the evolution toward its final equilibrium state. Three scenarios are identified: a collapse into a single droplet, the breakup into one or multiple droplets, and recoalescence into a single droplet after the breakup (or even possibly another breakup after recoalescence). The results are compared with the ones available in the literature for free-standing liquid filaments. The findings show that the presence of the substrate promotes breakup of the filament. The effect of the degree of slip on the breakup is also discussed. The parameter domain regions are comprehensively explored when including the slip effects. An experimental case is also carried out to illustrate the collapse and breakup of a finite-size silicon oil filament supported on a substrate, showcasing a critical length of the breakup in a physical configuration. Finally, direct numerical simulations reveal striking new details into the breakup pattern for low Ohnesorge numbers, where the dynamics are fast and the experimental imaging is not available; our results therefore significantly extend the range of Ohnesorge number over which filament breakup has been considered

Social Algorithms

This article concerns the review of a special class of swarm intelligence based algorithms for solving optimization problems and these algorithms can be referred to as social algorithms. Social algorithms use multiple agents and the social interactions to design rules for algorithms so as to mimic certain successful characteristics of the social/biological systems such as ants, bees, bats, birds and animals.Comment: Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 201

Breakup of finite-size liquid filaments: Transition from no-breakup to breakup including substrate effects

This work studies the breakup of finite-size liquid filaments, when also including substrate effects, using direct numerical simulations. The study focuses on the effects of three parameters: Ohnesorge number, the ratio of the viscous forces to inertial and surface tension forces, the liquid filament aspect ratio, and where there is a substrate, a measure of the fluid slip on the substrate, i.e. slip length. Through these parameters, it is determined whether a liquid filament breaks up during the evolution toward its final equilibrium state. Three scenarios are identified: a collapse into a single droplet, the breakup into one or multiple droplets, and recoalescence into a single droplet after the breakup (or even possibly another breakup after recoalescence). The results are compared with the ones available in the literature for free-standing liquid filaments. The findings show that the presence of the substrate promotes the breakup of the filament. The effect of the degree of slip on the breakup is also discussed. The parameter domain regions are comprehensively explored when including the slip effects. An experimental case is also carried out to illustrate the collapse and breakup of a finite-size silicon oil filament supported on a substrate, showcasing a critical length of the breakup in a physical configuration. Finally, direct numerical simulations reveal striking new details into the breakup pattern for low Ohnesorge numbers, where the dynamics are fast and the experimental imaging is not available; our results therefore significantly extend the range of Ohnesorge number over which filament breakup has been considered

Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Effect of Controlled Breeding Techniques on Fertility and Plasma Profile of Biochemical and Mineral Constituents in Anoestrus Buffaloes

Abstract: This study was planned to evaluate the fertility response and plasma profile of biochemical and mineral constituents in 55 postpartum (>90 days) anoestrus rural buffaloes treated with three standard hormonal protocols (CIDR, Ovsynch and Crestar, n=15 each), keeping a group of untreated anoestrus control (n=10) and a group of normal cyclic control (n=10). All the 15 (100 %) buffaloes in each group under CIDR, Ovsynch and Crestar protocols exhibited induced oestrus within mean intervals of 65.00±1.55, 69.46±1.04 and 46.00±1.37 hrs, respectively, from PGF 2 α injection. The conception rates obtained at induced oestrus with CIDR, Ovsynch and Crestar protocols were 46.67, 53.33 and 33.33 per cent, respectively. The corresponding overall conception rates of three cycles were observed to be 66.67, 73.33 and 60.00 per cent. In untreated anoestrus control (n=10), only 2 buffaloes exhibited spontaneous oestrus within 90 days of follow up and one conceived. The pooled conception rates of all three treatment groups at induced oestrus and overall of 3 cycles were 44.44 and 66.67 per cent, respectively. These were nearer to those in normal cyclic control group (40.00 and 70.00 %). Further, in the normal cyclic control group, the overall mean plasma total cholesterol, total protein, calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were 64.93±2.87 mg/dl, 8.75±0.18 g/dl, 9.22±0.18 mg/dl, and 5.12±0.11 mg/dl, respectively. The influence of treatment days (0, 7, 9 (AI) or day 21 post-AI) was not significant for any of the traits in any of the groups. The levels of all these traits, except cholesterol, were significantly higher in normal Cyclic Control group than the values found in all three treatment groups of anoestrus animals, which were at par. The conceived buffaloes had insignificantly lower values of total cholesterol and significantly (p<0.05) higher protein as compared to non-conceived buffaloes in all the three protocols and even in cyclic control group, but no such trend was noted for either plasma calcium or phosphorus profile. It was concluded that Ovsynch and/or CIDR protocols could be a better option to improve fertility in anoestrus buffaloes without altering blood biochemical and mineral status under field conditions