Micro-Welding of Copper Plate by Frequency Doubled Diode Pumped Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser

AbstractA pulsed laser of 532nm wavelength with ms range pulse duration was newly developed by second harmonic generation of diode pumped pulsed Nd:YAG laser. High electro-optical conversion efficiency more than 13% could be achieved, and 1.5kW peak power green laser pulse was put in optical fiber of 100μm in diameter. In micro- welding of 1.0mm thickness copper plate, a keyhole welding was successfully performed by 1.0kW peak power at spot diameter less than 200μm. The frequency doubled pulsed laser improved the processing efficiency of copper welding, and narrow and deep weld bead was stably obtained

Structural basis for cell surface patterning through NetrinG-NGL interactions

Brain wiring depends on cells making highly localized and selective connections through surface protein-protein interactions, including those between NetrinGs and NetrinG ligands (NGLs). The NetrinGs are members of the structurally uncharacterized netrin family. We present a comprehensive crystallographic analysis comprising NetrinG1-NGL1 and NetrinG2-NGL2 complexes, unliganded NetrinG2 and NGL3. Cognate NetrinG-NGL interactions depend on three specificity-conferring NetrinG loops, clasped tightly by matching NGL surfaces. We engineered these NGL surfaces to implant custom-made affinities for NetrinG1 and NetrinG2. In a cellular patterning assay, we demonstrate that NetrinG-binding selectivity can direct the sorting of a mixed population of NGLs into discrete cell surface subdomains. These results provide a molecular model for selectivity-based patterning in a neuronal recognition system, dysregulation of which is associated with severe neuropsychological disorders

Nepalese Intercultural Experience in Japan : The Change of the Relation Between the Self and Other.

In contrast to modernism, the postmodern view underscores the ways in which realities are constituted personally or socially, and one\u27s self or identity is viewed as a process or as a constituted subject. It assumes that human being and culture are mutually constructed. The transfer of residence from one culture to another is not only a change of a sociocultural environment but also accompanied by the restructuring of one\u27s self, identity and meaning system. This paper proposes to investigate the latter process, especially how they recognize the self and the other. Thus the approach is phenomenological because the subjects find, accept and construct the reality around them. Regarding this matter, the interview was held with 24 Nepalese those who has been living in Japan. In the beginning, they were very conscious about the nationality. As they live longer, they change, that is, they judge people not as Japanese or Nepalese but as an individual. It is shown that the way to recognize their self and the other is deeply connected and that relation is interdependent. By adopting the \u27relation\u27between self and other as a central concept of the analysis, the change of how they recognize the self and the other can be seen as a change of categorization. As a result, it shifts the boundary between the self and the other

Role of Netrin-1 Signaling in Nerve Regeneration.

Netrin-1 was the first axon guidance molecule to be discovered in vertebrates and has a strong chemotropic function for axonal guidance, cell migration, morphogenesis and angiogenesis. It is a secreted axon guidance cue that can trigger attraction by binding to its canonical receptors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and Neogenin or repulsion through binding the DCC/Uncoordinated (Unc5) A-D receptor complex. The crystal structures of Netrin-1/receptor complexes have recently been revealed. These studies have provided a structure based explanation of Netrin-1 bi-functionality. Netrin-1 and its receptor are continuously expressed in the adult nervous system and are differentially regulated after nerve injury. In the adult spinal cord and optic nerve, Netrin-1 has been considered as an inhibitor that contributes to axon regeneration failure after injury. In the peripheral nervous system, Netrin-1 receptors are expressed in Schwann cells, the cell bodies of sensory neurons and the axons of both motor and sensory neurons. Netrin-1 is expressed in Schwann cells and its expression is up-regulated after peripheral nerve transection injury. Recent studies indicated that Netrin-1 plays a positive role in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Targeting of the Netrin-1 signaling pathway could develop novel therapeutic strategies to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery

Infrastructure for Computer Moral Education in a University

高度情報化の「影」の部分が顕在化している. とくに最近は,迷惑メールやウィルス被害の蔓延など様々な社会問題が報道される機会が増えてきている. このような問題について正しい理解と対処法を身に付けることが要請されているのである. 関西大学は教職免許として教科「情報」の認可を受けた教育課程を提供しており,全学的にも,情報モラル教育を支援する体制の整備が必須要件となっている. とくに,将来を見込んだ若者に新しいモラルの確立や,新しい常識の確立,情報価値の認識向上など,情報のあり方について基本的な認識を与える場を提供しなければならない. ユーザにネットワークの適切な利用を促すための事前教育や事前措置とともに,運用規則に反する事例が発生した場合の対策も重要である.本論文では,関西大学のネットワーク運用管理や利用に関する規程,ユーザ支援体制,ユーザ教育,バイオメトリックスを応用した個人認証システムの導入効果，などについて検討する.そして,情報モラル教育においては「知的財広の保護」や「不正アクセス防止」,「個人情報保護とプライバシ」といった,個別の知識を教えるだけでなく,技術の発展とともに構築されてきた情報倫理の歴史的視点が重要であることを指摘した.Computer moral education is one of the biggest problems in IT educational courses for university students. This paper includes the report of annual construction plans of computer network infrastructure by the Information Processing Center of Kansai University. Moreover, we discuss about the implementation of a digital identification method that was introduced in the Faculty of Informatics in 2001. The biometrics used in this new tool might be unusual for university students, but it is now a common tool in business applications. The abuse of computers by novice students with cracking software was dramatically decreased since this finger print identification tool had been implemented

Micro-welding of aluminium alloy by superposition of pulsed Nd:YAG laser and continuous diode laser

The combination of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and a continuous diode laser could perform the high-performance micro-welding of aluminum alloy. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was absorbed effectively from the beginning of laser scanning by pre-heating Nd:YAG laser pulse with the superposition of continuous LD, and wide and deep weld bead could be obtained with better surface integrity

A hippocampal circuit linking dorsal CA2 to ventral CA1 critical for social memory dynamics

Recent results suggest that social memory requires the dorsal hippocampal CA2 region as well as a subset of ventral CA1 neurons. However, it is unclear whether dorsal CA2 and ventral CA1 represent parallel or sequential circuits. Moreover, because evidence implicating CA2 in social memory comes largely from long-term inactivation experiments, the dynamic role of CA2 in social memory remains unclear. Here, we use pharmacogenetics and optogenetics in mice to acutely and reversibly silence dorsal CA2 and its projections to ventral hippocampus. We show that dorsal CA2 activity is critical for encoding, consolidation, and recall phases of social memory. Moreover, dorsal CA2 contributes to social memory by providing strong excitatory input to the same subregion of ventral CA1 that contains the subset of neurons implicated in social memory. Thus, our studies provide new insights into a dorsal CA2 to ventral CA1 circuit whose dynamic activity is necessary for social memory.We thank David H. Brann and the other members of the Siegelbaum laboratory for helpful discussions and João Cerqueira for critical input. This work was supported by R01 MH104602 and R01 MH106629 from the NIH (S.A.S.), by PD/BD/113700/2015 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (T.M.) and by the European Molecular Biology Organization (A.O.)

Phase-locked inhibition, but not excitation, underlies hippocampal ripple oscillations in awake mice in vivo

[[abstract]]Sharp wave-ripple (SWR) oscillations play a key role in memory consolidation during non-rapid eye movement sleep, immobility, and consummatory behavior. However, whether temporally modulated synaptic excitation or inhibition underlies the ripples is controversial. To address this question, we performed simultaneous recordings of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs and IPSCs) and local field potentials (LFPs) in the CA1 region of awake mice in vivo. During SWRs, inhibition dominated over excitation, with a peak conductance ratio of 4.1 ± 0.5. Furthermore, the amplitude of SWR-associated IPSCs was positively correlated with SWR magnitude, whereas that of EPSCs was not. Finally, phase analysis indicated that IPSCs were phase-locked to individual ripple cycles, whereas EPSCs were uniformly distributed in phase space. Optogenetic inhibition indicated that PV+ interneurons provided a major contribution to SWR-associated IPSCs. Thus, phasic inhibition, but not excitation, shapes SWR oscillations in the hippocampal CA1 region in vivo