3D General Relativistic Simulations of Coalescing Binary Neutron Stars

We develop a 3 dimensional computer code to study a coalescing neutron star binary. The code can currently follow the evolution up to two stars begin to merge from two spherical stars of mass 1 solar mass and radius 8.9km with separation 35.4km. As for coordinate conditions, we use conformal slicing and pseudo-minimal distortion conditions. The evolution equations for the metric is integrated using the CIP method while the van Leer's scheme is used to integrate the equations for the matter. We present a few results of our simulations including gravitational radiation.Comment: invited talk at Yukawa Internatinal Seminar (YKIS99) 17 pages, 11 figures, for associated movie files, see http://astro.sc.niigata-u.ac.jp/~oohara/ykis99

Hoop Conjecture and Black Holes on a Brane

The initial data of gravity for a cylindrical matter distribution confined to a brane are studied in the framework of the single-brane Randall-Sundrum scenario. In this scenario, the 5-dimensional nature of gravity appears in the short-range gravitational interaction. We find that a sufficiently thin configuration of matter leads to the formation of a marginal surface, even if the configuration is infinitely long. This implies that the hoop conjecture proposed by Thorne does not hold on the brane: Even if a mass $M$ does not become compacted into a region whose circumference ${\cal C}$ in every direction satisfies ${\cal C}> 4\pi GM$, black holes with horizons can form in the Randall-Sundrum scenario.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, To be published in Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement No. 148 "Brane World: New Perspective in Cosmology

Numerical study on the hydrodynamic instability of binary stars in the first post Newtonian approximation of general relativity

We present numerical results on the hydrodynamic stability of coalescing binary stars in the first post Newtonian(1PN) approximation of general relativity. We pay particular attention to the hydrodynamical instability of corotating binary stars in equilibrium states assuming the stiff polytropic equation of state with the adiabatic constant $\Gamma=3$. In previous 1PN numerical studies on corotating binary stars in equilibrium states, it was found that along the sequence of binary stars as a function of the orbital separation, they have the energy and/or angular momentum minima where the secular instability sets in, and that with increase of the 1PN correction, the orbital separation at these minima decreases while the angular velocity there increases. In this paper, to know the location of the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO), we perform numerical simulations and find where the hydrodynamical instability along the corotating sequences of binary sets in. From the numerical results, we found that the dynamical stability limit seems to exist near the energy and/or angular momentum minima not only in the Newtonian, but also in the 1PN cases. This means that the 1PN effect of general relativity increases the angular frequency of gravitational waves at the ISCO.Comment: 16 pages(11 figures). To appear in Prog. Theor. Phys. vol.98(1997

Soft-breaking correction to hard supersymmetric relations: QCD correction to squark decay

Supersymmetric relations between dimensionless couplings receive finite correction at one-loop when supersymmetry is broken softly. We calculate the $O(\alpha_s)$ correction to the squark decay width to a quark and an electroweak gaugino, which is found to be nonvanishing. Logarithmic correction appears when the gluino is heavy.Comment: 12 pages plus 5 figures, macros include

Axionic Mirage Mediation

Although the mirage mediation is one of the most plausible mediation mechanisms of supersymmetry breaking, it suffers from two crucial problems. One is the \mu-/B \mu-problem and the second is the cosmological one. The former stems from the fact that the B parameter tends to be comparable with the gravitino mass, which is two order of magnitude larger than the other soft masses. The latter problem is caused by the decay of the modulus whose branching ratio into the gravitino pair is sizable. In this paper, we propose a model of mirage mediation, in which Peccei-Quinn symmetry is incorporated. In this axionic mirage mediation, it is shown that the PQ symmetry breaking scale is dynamically determined around 10^{10-12} GeV due to the supersymmetry breaking effects, and the \mu-problem can be solved naturally. Furthermore, in our model, the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is the axino, that is the superpartner of the axion. The overabundance of the LSPs due to decays of modulus/gravitino, which is the most serious cosmological difficulty in the mirage mediation, can be avoided if the axino is sufficiently light. The next-LSPs (NLSPs) produced by the gravitino decay eventually decay into the axino LSPs, yielding the dominant component of the axinos remaining today. It is shown that the axino with the mass of O(100) MeV is naturally realized, which can constitute the dark matter of the Universe, with the free-streaming length of the order of 0.1 Mpc. The saxion, the real scalar component of the axion supermultiplet, can also be cosmologically harmless due to the dilution of the modulus decay. The lifetime of NLSP is relatively long, but much shorter than 1 sec., when the big-bang nucleosynthesis commences. The decay of NLSP would provide intriguing collider signatures.Comment: reference added, typo correcte

Contact magnetoresistive head for perpendicular magnetic recording

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:07405052・基盤研究(A)(2)・H7～H9/研究代表者:中村, 慶久/テラビット・スピニック・データストレージの基礎検討

A Neural Correlate of Predicted and Actual Reward-Value Information in Monkey Pedunculopontine Tegmental and Dorsal Raphe Nucleus during Saccade Tasks

Dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin, the main modulators of the central nervous system, have been proposed to play important roles in the execution of movement, control of several forms of attentional behavior, and reinforcement learning. While the response pattern of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and its specific role in reinforcement learning have been revealed, the role of the other neuromodulators remains rather elusive. Here, we review our recent studies using extracellular recording from neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, where many cholinergic neurons exist, and the dorsal raphe nucleus, where many serotonergic neurons exist, while monkeys performed eye movement tasks to obtain different reward values. The firing patterns of these neurons are often tonic throughout the task period, while dopaminergic neurons exhibited a phasic activity pattern to the task event. The different modulation patterns, together with the activity of dopaminergic neurons, reveal dynamic information processing between these different neuromodulator systems