268 research outputs found
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In orader to clarify the differences in regulatory mechanism(s) of the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC) synthase(ACS)genes during ripening in climacteric melon fruit and non-climacteric cucumber fruit, two sets of their genomic DNA sequences, including ca. 2kb of the promoter regions were determined, using PCR-based methods. ACS genes from melon (CMe-ACS1,2) were structurally similar to their counterpart from cucumber (CS-ACS1,2) in terms of size and position of exons and introns, restriction map, and sequencd identity of exeons, introns, proximal 5'-flanking promoter regions and splice junction. Southern blot analysis indicated that each ACS gene is present as a single copy. Transient promoter activity was investigated with two constructs of promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion, CMe-ACS1:GUS and CS-ACS1:GUS, in mature mesocarp tissue of the two fruits. In melon disks, GUS activities conferred by the promoters of both CS-ACS1 (-2098ïœ+42) and CMe-ACS-1(-2187ïœ+67) were detected, which were decreased by treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor. In cucumber disks, however, only CS-ACS1:GUS was expressed; the activity was decreased with 1-MCP, and it was not affected by propylene. These results suggest that the promoter of CS-ACS1 has a potential to be expressed in the mesocarp tissue of ripening melon fruit, and that the difference in ethylene biosynthesis between melon and cucumber during ripening may be due to the difference in capability of forming trans-acting factor(s), not due to their ACS1 promoter activities.ã¯ã©ã€ãã¯ããªãã¯åæå®ã®ã¡ãã³ãšãã³ã¯ã©ã€ãã¯ããªãã¯åæå®ã®ãã¥ãŠãªã®æå®è¿œçã«äŒŽãïŒ-ã¢ã
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Effect of High CO2 plus Low O2 Condition on Respiration in Several Fruits and Vegetables
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Relationship between Glutamate Accumulation and Ethylene Synthesis in Tomato Fruit during Ripening
The effect of ethylene on the accumulation of glutamate in the fruit of normal tomato ('Rutgers' and 'Momotaro')and ripening inhibitor mutant (rin) tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) during ripening was investigated.As fruit ripening progresse,glutamate content in the fruit pericarp tissue increased greatly in 'Rutgers' but remained low and constant level in rin tomato.Glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid contents decreased gradually during ripening in both 'Rutgers'and rin fruit.Relatively high activities of glutamate dehydrogease,glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase were detected throughout fruit ripening in both varieties,whereas no relationship was observed between glutamate content and the enzyme activieies.Treatment of 'Momotaro'fruit with diazocyclopentadience,an inhibitro of ethylene action,inhibited the increase in ethylene production and glutamate accumlation which are associated with fruit ripening,suggesting that glutamate accumlation may be mediated through ethylene.However,glumamate content in rin fruit treatde with exogenous ethylene remained low and unchanged uitil after four days.The results indicate that accumulation of glutamete in tomato fruit is likely to be related to the ripening process apart from the direct role of ethylene.ãããæå®ã®æçã«äŒŽãã°ã«ã¿ãã³é
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Several Types of Physioligical Response to Different Humidities in Fruits and Vegetables
In this paper,effects of relative humidity(RH)on the respiration rate and ethylene production of 63 kinds of fruits and vegetables including flowres were investigated at diffrent humidities of high RH (93-98%)and low RH(52-65%).From the respiratory response to RH,they could be classified into three groups:accelerative,inhibitive and insensitive low RH.The first group included climacteric fruits such as banana,pear and kiwifruit;the majority of the fruit vegetables;and root vegetables such as tap root,tuber and tuberous root.The second group included Chinese pear,Japanese pear,strawberry,the majority of the leaf vegetables,mushrooms and flowres.The third group included grape and orange.Furthermore,by appending endogenous ethylene production at low RH,they could be classified into eight goups from the physiological response to low RH.These results seem to indicate that water deficit stress at low RH was positively correlated their physiology response in secondary order.éæç©ã®æ¹¿åºŠç°å¢æ¹åã®åºç€è³æãšããŠã湿床æ¡ä»¶ïŒé«æ¹¿ïŒ93ïœ98ïŒ
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Softening Characteristics of Chinese Pear 'Yali' Fruit with Special Relation to Changes in Cell-wall Polysaccharides and their Degrading Enzymes
The softening characteristics of Chinese pear 'Yali'fruit,based on changes in the rates of respiration and ethylene production,flesh hardness,the content of cell-wall polysacchairides and the activities of their degraging enzymes were determined,in comparison with Japanese pear 'Nijisseiki' and European pears 'la France' and 'Bartlett'.Rates of respiration and ethylene production in 'Yali','la France' and 'Bartlett' fruits increaced with the advance of ripening,showing the most significiant increase of ethylene production in 'Yali' fuit.Decrease of flesh hardness during ripening was rapid in 'la France' and 'Bartlett' fruits,but slow in 'Yali' and 'Nijisseiki' fruits.Though rapid increase of pectinmethylesterase activity in 'la France' and 'Bartlett' fruits was observed with concomitant decrease of hardness,the same activity was maintained at a lower level in 'Yali' and 'Nijissiki' fruits.Increase in polygalacturonase activity during ripening was rapid in 'la France' and 'Bartlett' fruits,Cellulase activity increased with the decrease in flesh hardness in 'la France' and 'Yali' fruits,whereas its increase was slight during ripenig in 'Nijisseiki' and 'Bartlett' fruits.Increase in the content of hydrochloride-soluble pectin during flesh softening were very slight in 'Yali' and 'Nijisseiki' fruits in contrast with their marked evidence in 'la France' and 'Bartlett' furits.From the results obtained above,its seemes that long-term hardness maintenance in Chinese pear 'Yali' fruit during ripenig was due to lower activity by degrading enzymes of cell-wall polysaccharides,compared with those in other pear fruits.ãã¥ãŠãŽã¯ãã·â鎚梚âæå®ã®è¿œçã«äŒŽããåŒåžæŽ»æ§ããšãã¬ã³çæéãæè硬床ã现èå£å€ç³é¡ããã³ãã®å解é
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