Emergence and Collapse of Peace with Friend Selection Strategies

A society consisting of agents who can freely choose to attack or not to attack others inevitably evolves into a battling society (a \'war of all against all\'). We investigated whether strategies based on C. Schmitt\'s concept of the political, the distinction of a friend and an enemy, lead to the emergence and collapse of social order. Especially, we propose \'friend selection strategies\' (FSSs), one of which we called the \'us-TFT\' (tit for tat) strategy, which requires an agent to regard one who did not attack him or his \'friends\' as a \'friend\'. We carried out evolutionary simulations on an artificial society consisting of FSS agents. As a result, we found that the us-TFT results in a peaceful society with the emergence of an us-TFT community. In addition, we found that the collapse of a peaceful society is triggered by another FSS strategy called a \'coward\'.Community, Carl Schmitt, a Friend and an Enemy, Tit for Tat, Coward, Evolutionary Simulation

Baryon as Impurity for Phase Transition in String Landscape

We consider a decay of a false vacuum in flux compactifications of type IIB string theory and study a catalytic effect for a phase transition induced by a new type of impurities. We concentrate on the large N dual of a D5-brane/anti-D5-brane system which has a rich vacuum structure. We show that D3-branes wrapping the 3-cycles can form a dibaryon and make a bound state with a monopole. We find that these baryon-like objects can make the lifetime of the metastable vacuum shorter.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figure

Project of Integrated Compost Science(Introduction of New Project)

Vast amount of organic waste are being generated continuously by human activities in forests, hilly-mountainous areas, agricultural fields, coastal areas, and urban areas. The wastes accumulate in the field, and will result in not only global environmental pollution but also depletion of limited organic resources. I believe that a circulation system for the recycling and appropriate reuse of organic wastes should be developed breaking out of this situation as soon as possible. "Composting" is one of the suitable method for the circulation system, which has been traditionally implemented in Japan. The compost processes in conventional composting methods can be a cause of ammonia volatilization resulting in acid rains. The application of large amount of composts with low nitrogen content result in excess assimilation of phosphoric acid in the field. In addition, there are concerns that these phenomena could cause eutrophication of water systems, thus leading to serious environmental destruction. The acid composting technology for food wastes developed at Tohoku University inhibits ammonia volatilization and indicates the potential for developing environmentally friendly compost. However, only this acid composting technology cannot develop a recycling system for organic wastes. Compost safety should be assessed by analyzing the components of the compost produced. It is also necessary to assess both the functionality and availability by the actual applications of the compost. We have been investigating these issues at the Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University. Moreover, in terms of the cost performance, which is a major problem at the actual applications of the compost, we are trying to adjust the problem by analyses based on a standpoint of both social and natural sciences such as the satellite imaging, economics and LCA analysis. Many laboratories in Graduate School of Agricultural Science have been studying compost for many years. In 2004, they initiated a project-"PICS" (Project of Integrated Compost Science)-in collaboration with several laboratories of the Graduate School of Engineering. In 2005, the Graduate School of Agricultural Science formulated an agreement with Miyagi Prefecture to establish a regional alliance research project-"PICS Miyagi." The achievements of the project were accepted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. MEXT awarded the PICS study entitled "Development of Ecological Recycling System for Organic Resources" a "Grant-in Aid for Special Education and Research on Integrated Collaborative Project." This project will be conducted from fiscal year 2007-2011. In order to establish integrated compost science as a key factor in the recycling of organic resources, we conducted studies under this project by combining the research and development capabilities of our university. Further, we developed composting technology and investigated practical applications of this technology in cooperation with Miyagi Prefecture. Furthermore, we studied the requirements of local communities. We promoted environmental education in these communities as well as technological transfer in these communities. We attempted to construct a model for a novel recycling system not only for local markets but also for global markets.Original Pape