ヨーロッパにおけるフットボールの発祥の由来について : ハイナー・ギルマイスターの学説を手掛かりとして

It is commonly thought that the origin of football in Europe was derived from "Folk-Football", which still exist here and there within Britain. But Heiner Gillmeister claimed that Europian football was invented in medieval France and by the lower social classes who had adopted certain principles of "pas d\u27arms", which has been identified as having served as the chief model for football. His theory may be considerably bold and some do not accept his theory with good grace. But we do not have arguments and facts to completely dismiss his theory nor another strong theory of the origine of Europian football to replace Gillmeister\u27s theory. We should not be permited an intellectual neglect of his theory when we think about the origine of ball-games in medieval Europe, whethere we rate his theory accurate or not

「ナンバ」考 : 歩き方にみる日本的特性

It is often said that before the Meiji era, Japanese walking form was of "Namba" style. "Namba" waking style is the movement of swinging left leg and left arm at the same time. There are some theories why Japanese walking form was "Namba" style. Most accepted theory for it is that Japanese had been agricultural people, therefore "Namba" walking style has its roots in the style of ploughing paddy field. In this reserch,however, there was no literary evidense which supported that Japanese were walking using the "Namba" style. In pictorial evidence many Japanese people, samurai and marchant and farmer, were using same waking style. Therefore pictorial evidence goes against the theory of "Namba" walking style being rooted in the style of ploughing paddy field

Swelling-Activated Ca2+ Channels Trigger Ca2+ Signals in Merkel Cells

Merkel cell-neurite complexes are highly sensitive touch receptors comprising epidermal Merkel cells and sensory afferents. Based on morphological and molecular studies, Merkel cells are proposed to be mechanosensory cells that signal afferents via neurotransmission; however, functional studies testing this hypothesis in intact skin have produced conflicting results. To test this model in a simplified system, we asked whether purified Merkel cells are directly activated by mechanical stimulation. Cell shape was manipulated with anisotonic solution changes and responses were monitored by Ca2+ imaging with fura-2. We found that hypotonic-induced cell swelling, but not hypertonic solutions, triggered cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients. Several lines of evidence indicate that these signals arise from swelling-activated Ca2+-permeable ion channels. First, transients were reversibly abolished by chelating extracellular Ca2+, demonstrating a requirement for Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. Second, Ca2+ transients were initially observed near the plasma membrane in cytoplasmic processes. Third, voltage-activated Ca2+ channel (VACC) antagonists reduced transients by half, suggesting that swelling-activated channels depolarize plasma membranes to activate VACCs. Finally, emptying internal Ca2+ stores attenuated transients by 80%, suggesting Ca2+ release from stores augments swelling-activated Ca2+ signals. To identify candidate mechanotransduction channels, we used RT-PCR to amplify ion-channel transcripts whose pharmacological profiles matched those of hypotonic-evoked Ca2+ signals in Merkel cells. We found 11 amplicons, including PKD1, PKD2, and TRPC1, channels previously implicated in mechanotransduction in other cells. Collectively, these results directly demonstrate that Merkel cells are activated by hypotonic-evoked swelling, identify cellular signaling mechanisms that mediate these responses, and support the hypothesis that Merkel cells contribute to touch reception in the Merkel cell-neurite complex

大学漕艇部選手の食行動因子別分類による解析

A study was conducted to clarify eating behaviors related closely to accumulation of body fat and the relation between eating behaviors and body fat. Thirty collegiate oarsmen were investigated with a questionnaire. The percent body fat was measured by the bioelectrical impedance meter. As a result, it was revealed that relatively many athletes had eating behaviors considered as a problem and then recognized themselves to be the constitution that was easy to grow fat. It was found that athletes who hoped to reduce weight were concerned about eating behaviors more intense than that who felt just good on body image. The mean percent body fat of high score group on body image scale was significantly higher than that of low score group. Athletes individually had the specific characteristic of eating behaviors and body image. These results suggested that it is necessary for them to educate just about nutrition and dietary as to individual necessity in order to solve each of their problems in eating behaviors and body fat

大学を核とした総合型地域スポーツクラブの創設・育成・運営の可能性について : 仙南広域スポーツ研究会の活動報告から

In 1995, the (then) Ministry of Education launched the "Project for the General-purpose Local Sports Clubs Development Model," and in 2000 it devised the Basic Plan for the Promotion of Sports, which set the target of "developing at least one general-purpose local sports club in each municipality nationwide by 2010." Meanwhile, revision of the School Education Act made it compulsory for all universities to undergo regular third-party evaluation, and universities themselves were required to make tangible local contributions. As a result, some universities started to establish and operate general-purpose local sports clubs as a project for contributing to the local community. This paper investigates the possibility of establishing, developing and operating general-purpose local sports clubs centering on universities, including the development status of the general-purpose local sports clubs in Miyagi Prefecture. It also reports on the activities of the Support Project for General-purpose Local Sports Clubs