4-(4-Fluoro­benzene­sulfonamido)­phenyl 4-fluoro­benzene­sulfonate

In the title compound, C18H13F2NO5S2, the complete mol­ecule is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre, and the O atom and the N—H group attached to the central ring are statistically disordered. The dihedral angle between the central and terminal benzene rings is 64.03 (6)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O, C—H⋯F and C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network

Genomic epidemiology of the first epidemic wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Palestine.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, continues to cause a significant public-health burden and disruption globally. Genomic epidemiology approaches point to most countries in the world having experienced many independent introductions of SARS-CoV-2 during the early stages of the pandemic. However, this situation may change with local lockdown policies and restrictions on travel, leading to the emergence of more geographically structured viral populations and lineages transmitting locally. Here, we report the first SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Palestine sampled from early March 2020, when the first cases were observed, through to August of 2020. SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Palestine fall across the diversity of the global phylogeny, consistent with at least nine independent introductions into the region. We identify one locally predominant lineage in circulation represented by 50 Palestinian SARS-CoV-2, grouping with genomes generated from Israel and the UK. We estimate the age of introduction of this lineage to 05/02/2020 (16/01/2020-19/02/2020), suggesting SARS-CoV-2 was already in circulation in Palestine predating its first detection in Bethlehem in early March. Our work highlights the value of ongoing genomic surveillance and monitoring to reconstruct the epidemiology of COVID-19 at both local and global scales

Teaching and Learning Law and Business: An Open Resource Tool

This dissertation examines the impacts of business law education through a multi-layered review of surveys, data, and literature. The authors examine what law schools across the country offer, explore research conducted in partnership with the Minnesota and American Bar Associations, and provide a systemic review of the relevant literature. The data shows attorneys resoundingly do not believe law school coursework prepared them adequately for the business of law. Despite the practical changes that have been made to law school education since the 1960s to the present, there is still a disconnect between what law schools say they will provide and what is delivered. By examining this issue of how law schools have offered an unfulfilled promise, we clarify the process by which education can transform lives, open doors, and reorganize structures to address the needs of the communities we serve. The period studied: 2009–20 includes the expansion of online capabilities, distance learning, and the global pandemic of COVID 19. Two major research strategies are used: (1) a quantitative analysis of state and countrywide-level data and (2) a review of literature. Data has been collected from archives, interviews, newspapers, published reports, and studies. This dissertation challenges the proposition that that doctrinal law school course offerings adequately prepare law students to thrive in business for themselves or their clients. Practical skills courses, innovation, collaboration, simulations, and partnerships with lawyers, teachers and businesspeople in the community will be the driving agents for change

General Inspection Plan For Critical Multicharacteristic Components

In this paper, a general inspection plan for critical multicharacteristic components is presented. In this plan the assumption in the literature that characteristics are inspected equal number of times for such components is relaxed and allowed for different number of inspections for different characteristics depending on characteristic's defective rates and inspection cost. A mathematical model that depicts and represents the plan has been developed. A decent type algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal number of repeat inspections and sequence characteristics for inspection that minimizes the expected total cost. The expected total cost consists of the cost of false acceptance (cost of type II error), cost of false rejection (cost of type I error), and the cost of inspection. Empirical comparisons with the model in the literature on randomly generated problems has been conducted. The results have shown that the proposed plan performs better in terms of the expected total cost on 87 percent of the generated problems for the assumed specific parameters. The reduction in the expected total cost is up to 23.5%

General Inspection Plan For Critical Multicharacteristic Components

In this paper, a general inspection plan for critical multicharacteristic components is presented. In this plan the assumption in the literature that characteristics are inspected equal number of times for such components is relaxed and allowed for different number of inspections for different characteristics depending on characteristic's defective rates and inspection cost. A mathematical model that depicts and represents the plan has been developed. A decent type algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal number of repeat inspections and sequence characteristics for inspection that minimizes the expected total cost. The expected total cost consists of the cost of false acceptance (cost of type II error), cost of false rejection (cost of type I error), and the cost of inspection. Empirical comparisons with the model in the literature on randomly generated problems has been conducted. The results have shown that the proposed plan performs better in terms of the expected total cost on 87 percent of the generated problems for the assumed specific parameters. The reduction in the expected total cost is up to 23.5%

4-(3-Methyl­benzene­sulfonamido)­phenyl 3-methyl­benzene­sulfonate

The complete mol­ecule of the title compound, C20H19NO5S2, is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis and the O atom and N—H group attached to the central benzene ring are statistically disordered. The dihedral angle between the central and terminal benzene rings is 56.91 (5)° and that between the terminal benzene rings is 29.80 (5)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding links the mol­ecules into sheets lying parallel to the ab plane

Late capsular bag contraction and intraocular lens subluxation in retinitis pigmentosa: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Retinitis pigmentosa is clinically characterized by loss of predominantly rod photoreceptor function as well as loss of peripheral vision. The classic clinical triad is considered to be the presence of bone spicule pigmentation in the peripheral retina, arteriolar attenuation, and waxy disc pallor. Cataracts, most commonly of the posterior subcapsular type, are often found in all forms of retinitis pigmentosa. Ectopia lentis and lens dislocation are known risk factors for those with retinitis pigmentosa, presumably secondary to zonular fiber weakness and vitreous degeneration. The post-operative complication of lens dislocation following cataract extraction in patients with retinitis pigmentosa has also been documented.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of severe capsular bag contraction with intraocular lens subluxation following cataract extraction in a 58-year-old Hispanic woman with retinitis pigmentosa.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Patients with retinitis pigmentosa undergoing cataract surgery should be notified of this potentially late complication of surgery.</p

Analgesic effect of neohesperidin is mediated by TRPV1 antagonism

Context: Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a non-specific cation channel. It is one of the most important targets in pain research. Aims: To evaluate new TRPV1 antagonists without altering body temperature. Methods: Docking simulation was performed, and one of the candidate compounds, neohesperidin, was tested using thermal and chemical pain models in BALB/c mice. Rectal body temperature was measured using a temperature meter with a thermocouple probe detector, and the capsaicin-evoked calcium response was determined in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Results: Docking resulted in the identification of 30 compounds able to interact with the essential amino acids required for the antagonistic activity of TRPV1. Neohesperidin was chosen for further investigations because of its good binding energy (-6.63 kcal/mol) and because its TRPV1 antagonistic activity was not tested before. This study reported for the first time that neohesperidin exerted analgesic activity through TRPV1 antagonism without altering body temperature. Its activity was comparable to the known TRPV1 antagonist N-(4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carbox-amide (BCTC). In the writhing test, acetic acid-induced abdominal cramps decreased by 66% using 30 mg/kg of neohesperidin. All tested doses of neohesperidin significantly decreased paw-licking time in the capsaicin-induced paw-licking test. A significant increase in the latency time in hot plate and tail flick tests was observed using 30 and 60 mg/kg of neohesperidin. In DRG neurons, neohesperidin reduced capsaicin-evoked calcium responses. Conclusions: Neohesperidin exerts a significant analgesic activity without altering body temperature, which could be due, at least partially, to its antagonistic activity against TRPV1