399 research outputs found

    Influence of surface pretreatment in resistance spot welding of aluminum AA1050

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    Resistance spot welding (RSW) of aluminum alloys implies a major problem of inconsistent quality from weld to weld due to problems of varying thickness of the oxide layer. The high resistivity of oxide layer causes strong heat development, which has significant influence on electrode life and weld quality. An experimental study of the influence of pretreatment on weld quality in RSW of AA1050 sheets with three thicknesses, comparing welding of as-received sheet with pretreated sheet by either pickling in NaOH or glass-blasting were investigated. Different weld settings were applied with low-, medium-, and high-energy inputs. The as-received sheet showed higher electrical contact resistance because of thicker oxide layer. Lower values were noticed with pickled surfaces, whereas the lowest electrical contact resistance was obtained when glass blasting, resulting in the roughest surface topography, which facilitated breakdown the oxide layer. Highest strength and smaller scatter in strength were obtained by pickling in NaOH

    Avortements et séroprévalence de la chlamydiose et de la brucellose chez les caprins dans les provinces de Chefchaoune et Tétouan (Maroc)

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    In order to determine the importance of abortions and the seroprevalence of two abortive infections namely brucellosis and chlamydiosis in goats in the Northern area of Morocco, a survey was carried out in 11 goat herds and 5 slaughter houses from the provinces Chefchaouene and Tetouan. A total of 374 serums was collected from slaughtered goats. In herds, 26 and 55 samples were collected from goats with and without history of abortion, respectively. Screening for brucellosis was conducted using the Card-test and for chlamydiosis using the micro- method of the complement fixation test. Mean abortion rate in surveyed herds was 25%. All tested sera were negative for brucellosis. However, chlamydisois was found to be prevalent with a mean prevalence rate of 14.8%. A prevalence of 19.2% was found in aborting goats against 12.7% in non aborting ones. The seroprevalence in adult-goats sampled and tested in slaughterhouses was found to be of 16.9%. Keywords: Goats - Abortion - Brucellosis - Chlamydiosis - Chefchaouene - Tetouan - MoroccoDans le but de déterminer l’importance des avortements et la séroprévalence de deux infections abortives à savoir la brucellose et la chlamydiose chez les caprins dans les provinces du Nord, une enquête sérologique a été réalisée au niveau de 5 abattoirs ruraux et de 11 élevages de la province de Chefchaouène et de Tétouan. Un total de 374 échantillons de sérums a été prélevé à partir de caprins abattus au niveau des 5 abattoirs. Au niveau des élevages, des enquêtes sur les avortements ont été réalisées et des prises de sang ont été effectuées sur 26 chèvres ayant avorté et 55 chèvres ayant mis bas normalement. Le dépistage sérologique de la brucellose a été réalisé par le test à l’antigène tamponné (Card-Test) et celui de la chlamydiose par la technique de fixation du complément selon une micro-méthode de type Kolmer. La fréquence des avortements dans les élevages enquêtés était de 25%. Aucun sérum ne s’est révélé positif à la brucellose. La chlamydiose a été détectée dans 6 parmi les 11 élevages visités avec une séroprévalence globale de 14,8%. Le pourcentage de séropositivité enregistré chez les chèvres avortantes testées est de 19,2% contre 12,7% chez les chèvres à mise bas normale. Pour les échantillons de sérums prélevés à partir de femelles adultes abattues dans les 5 abattoirs précités, une séroprévalence chlamydienne totale de 16,9% a été enregistrée. Mots clés: Caprins - Avortements - Brucellose - Chlamydiose - Chefchaouène - Tétouan - Maro

    Impact du changement de l’occupation des sols sur l’érosion hydrique et le comportement hydrologique des sols: Cas du bassin Tleta au nord-ouest du Maroc

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    This study was conducted to investigate the effect of land use on runoff and soil loss in relation with soil properties. Three types of land use were studied under simulated rainfall: matorral, fallow protected by the setting in defense and cereal farming. The results showed that fallow soils are the wettest, richest in organic matter (OM) and the most stable, followed by soils under crops and then matorrals. The analysis of the hydrological properties clearly puts the negative influence of the matorrals and the cultivation on the hydrological behavior of the soils. Matorral soils have the lowest water absorption capacity (infiltrability= 29.48 mm h-1), the highest runoff coefficient (kr = 53.12%) and the highest loss of its particles by detachability (153.45 g /m² /h). This loss of soil by detachability is equivalent on average to almost 10 times the amount recorded under fallow (14.36 g/m² /h) and 3.5 times that obtained on agricultural land (42.86 g/m² /h). It is noted that the rainfall imbibition is higher under fallow (36.61 mm) than under agricultural soils (11.97 mm) and matorrals (1.08 mm). Correlation analysis shows that the hydrologic behavior of soil in the Tleta watershed is governed by its surface condition and richness in OM. Soil infiltrability and rainfall imbibition were highly positively correlated with soil cover (r =0.93, r =0.75), soil OM (r =0.90, r =0.99) and soil aggregate stability (r =0.82, r =0.99) respectively. On the other hand, runoff generated and soil detachability due to precipitation are negatively related to the vegetation cover area (r = -0.92; r=-0.88) and the soil OM (r =-0.83; r=-0.87). Keywords: land use, erosion, rainfall simulation, organic matter, surface conditionCette Ă©tude traite de l’effet de l’occupation des sols sur le ruissellement et les pertes en sols en relation avec les propriĂ©tĂ©s du sol. Trois types d’utilisation des sols ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s sous simulation de pluie: matorral, jachère protĂ©gĂ©e par la mise en dĂ©fens et cĂ©rĂ©aliculture. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les sols sous jachère sont les plus humides, les plus riches en matière organique (MO) et les plus stables, suivis des sols sous cultures et puis les matorrals. L?analyse des propriĂ©tĂ©s hydrologiques met clairement l?influence nĂ©gative des matorrals et la mise en culture sur le comportement hydrologique des sols. Les sols des matorrals prĂ©sentent la plus faible capacitĂ© d’absorption d’eau (infiltrabilitĂ©= 29.48 mm h-1), le coefficient de ruissellement kr le plus Ă©levĂ© (kr = 53.12 %) et la plus forte perte de ses particules par dĂ©tachabilitĂ© (153.45 g/m²/h). Cette perte du sol par dĂ©tachabilitĂ© est Ă©quivalente en moyenne Ă  presque 10 fois la quantitĂ© enregistrĂ©e sous jachère (14.36 g/m²/h) et 3.5 fois celle obtenue en sol agricole (42.86 g/m²/h). On note que les pluies d?imbibition sont plus Ă©levĂ©es sous jachères (36.61 mm) que sous les sols agricoles (11.97 mm) et les matorrals (1.08 mm). L’analyse des corrĂ©lations montre que le comportement hydrologique du sol brunifiĂ© dans le bassin Tleta est rĂ©gi par son Ă©tat de surface et sa richesse en MO. L’infiltrabilitĂ© du sol et la pluie d’imbibition sont très corrĂ©lĂ©es positivement Ă  la surface couverte du sol (r=0.93 ; r=0.75), Ă  la teneur du sol en MO (r=0.90 ; r=0.99) et Ă  la stabilitĂ© structurale du sol (r=0.82 ; r=0.99) respectivement. Par ailleurs, le ruissellement gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© et la dĂ©tachabilitĂ© du sol suite aux prĂ©cipitations sont liĂ©s nĂ©gativement au taux de surface du sol couverte par la vĂ©gĂ©tation (r =-0.92, r=-0.88) et Ă  la teneur de la MO du sol (r =-0.83 ; r= -0.87). Mots-clĂ©s: occupation du sol, Ă©rosion, simulation, matière organique, Ă©tat de surfac

    The effect of magnesium on bioactivity, rheology and biology behaviors of injectable bioactive glass-gelatin-3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane nanocomposite-paste for small bone defects repair

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    Injectable bioactive glass-based pastes represent promising biomaterials to fill small bone defects thus improving and speed up the self-healing process. Accordingly, injectable nanocomposite pastes based on bioactive glass-gelatin-3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) were here synthesized via two different glasses 64SiO2. 27CaO. 4MgO. 5P2O5 (mol.%) and 64SiO2.31CaO. 5P2O5 (mol.%). In particular, the effects of MgO on bioactivity, rheology, injectability, disintegration resistance, compressive strength and cellular behaviors were investigated. The results showed that the disintegration resistance and compressive strength of the composite were improved by the replacement of MgO; thus, leading to an increase in the amount of storage modulus (G′) from 26800 to 43400 Pa, equal to an increase in the viscosity of the paste from 136 × 103 to 219 × 103 Pa s. Since the release rate of ions became more controllable, the formation of calcite was decreased after immersion of the Mg bearing samples in the SBF solution. Specimens’ cytocompatibility was firstly verified towards human osteoblasts by metabolic assay as well as visually confirmed by the fluorescent live/dead staining; finally, the ability of human fibroblasts to penetrate within the pores of 3D composites was verified by a migration assay simulating the devices repopulation upon injection in the injured site
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