An HPLC method development for the assessment of degradation products of anthraquinone dye

This paper describes the development of a simple and sensitive method with reduced run time for the estimation of biodegradation product of an anthraquinone dye, Drimarene blue K2RL. The chromatographic analysis was performed using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a Lichrospher® RP-18 column, 5 μm particle size, 25 cm × 4.6 mm internal diameter using a 70:20:10 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer (0.02 M) with 0.8% Trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.5) and methanol as eluent. Flow rate was adjusted to 1.2 mL min-1. The metabolites (phthalic acid, benzoic acid, 1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 2,3-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-1,4-anthracenedione) were identified by running HPLC grade standards in defined concentrations. The retention time of the compounds were 2.0, 2.5, 5.2, and 7.2 min for phthalic acid, benzoic acid, 1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 2,3-dihydro- 9,10-dihydroxy-1,4-anthracenedione, respectively. The reliability, sensitivity, and validation of the method were checked by calculating recoveries of the individual compounds in the acetonitrile and dye degradation media. The lower limits of detection for anthraquinone metabolites and the separation of acid and anthraquinone metabolites in short time were achieved. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V

Comparison of Photometer with Improved Neubauer Hemocytometer and Makler Counting Chamber for Sperm Concentration Measurement in Cattle

The present study was designed to compare the photometer (Lp 300 SDM Minitüb GmHb) with improved Neubauer hemocytometer and Makler counting chamber for sperm concentration measurement in cow bulls. Data were based on 35 cow bull semen samples. The average sperm concentrations (109/ml) determined by photometer, hemocytometer and Makler chamber were 1.35±0.72, 1.17±0.53 and 1.49±0.60, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed that there was no difference among the three techniques of sperm concentration measurement of same semen samples in cow bulls. It was concluded that the use of photometer in semen evaluation for sperm concentration reduced chances of human error and time consumption effectively

Production and Characterization of Esterase in Lantinus tigrinus for Degradation of Polystyrene

Polystyrene is considered stable to biological degradation. Lantinus tigrinus isolated from wood sample produced esterase in growth medium under normal conditions. However, acidic medium, 37 degrees C temperature, presence of tween 80; and urea and yeast extract in mineral salt medium enhance the production of esterase and specific activity. Purified esterase was active at broad pH range and 45 degrees C. FTIR analysis confirmed that esterase produced by Lantinus tigrinus effectively degraded polystyrene film and broke macromolecules down to non-toxic molecules. This study concludes that the presence of Lantinus tigrinus at dumping sites can be exploited for waste management containing high molecular weight synthetic polymers.</jats:p

Isolation and identification of polystyrene biodegrading bacteria from soil

With the increased production of municipal solid waste by the disposal of plastic materials, there is a need to develop new biodegradable materials and biodegrade existing plastic materials in daily use. Polystyrene and expanded polystyrene are commodity plastics that are extensively used in packaging and other applications. Six bacterial isolates were isolated from soil buried expanded polystyrene films showing adherence and growth with the polystyrene as a sole carbon source. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the film surface used for isolation showed extensive microbial growth. The preliminary screening of biodegradation capability was done by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for surface chemical changes and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analysis of biodegradation products. Bacterial isolates NA26, NB6, NB26 showed the production of biodegradation products in the extracellular media indicating biodegradation process. © 2010 Academic Journals

Investigating the Polystyrene (PS) Biodegradation Potential of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Strain NA3: A Newly Isolated Soil Fungus

Biochemical monomer upcycling of plastic waste and its conversion into value-added products is deemed necessary, as it provides a greener and more sustainable solution to plastic waste management. In the current study, the polystyrene (PS) biodegradation potential of the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium NA3 was evaluated using various analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biodegradation capacity of the fungal strain was further evaluated using a carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution test, which showed that the PS films treated with NA3 produced more CO2, indicating the strain&rsquo;s ability to successfully utilize PS as a carbon source. The FTIR analysis of the PS films treated with NA3 showed modifications in the polymer chemical structure, including the formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, which suggests the enzymatic dissociation of the polymer and the associated biodegradation mechanism. Pretreatments were found to be effective in modifying the polymer&rsquo;s properties, making it more susceptible to microbial degradation, thus further accelerating the biodegradation process. The current study strongly advocates that P. chrysosporium (NA3) can be effectively used for the biochemical monomer recovery of PS waste and could be further utilized in the upcycling of plastic waste for its conversion into value-added products under the concept of circular economy