To evaluate the effect of consuming soy products on the rate of fall in serum oestragen level in post TAHBSO women on oestrogen implant.

This was a prospective comparative study which was undertaken from January, 2008 to May, 2012. A total of 35 women, who had undergone TAHBSO for benign gynaecological conditions, were each inserted with a 50 mg oestradiol implant in the sub-rectus space intra-operatively. Serum oestradiol levels were measured on a two-monthly basis until the level fell below 50 pmol/litre and the patients have developed post-menopausal symptoms. A second 50 mg oestradiol implant was then inserted as out-patients in either of the lumbar region of the abdomen using a special trocar. These patients were then advised to consume at least one glass of soya products every day. Serum oestradiol levels were again measured on a two-monthly basis until the level fell below 50 pmol/litre and the patients have developed post-menopausal symptoms. The means of each two monthly intervals were compared using the comparisons of means to determine whether there was any difference in the rate of fall of the oestrogen levels with or without soy product intake

Spontaneous repositioning of incarcerated gravid uterus following general anaesthesia: a case report and review of literature

A 28 year old primigravida at 16 weeks pregnancy presented with voiding difficulties, pelvic pain and acute urinary retention. Clinical and ultrasound examination were suggestive of Incarcerated Uterus and diagnosis was confirmed by a pelvic MRI. Manual repositioning under anaesthesia was planned following a failed procedure in the outpatient clinic. Immediately post induction with general anaesthesia, interestingly spontaneous repositioning of the uterus occurred without any manual manipulation. This is the first case report describing a spontaneous repositioning of incarcerated uterus following general anaesthesia

To assess placental volume in first and second trimester of pregnancy in UKM Medical Centre.

This was a prospective cohort study. From May 2011 to June 2012, pregnant women were recruited via the obstetric clinic, patient admission centre and wards in UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC). An ultrasound scan was performed at 11-16 weeks and again at 18-26 weeks of gestation to check for placental volume and Uterine Artery Resistance Index (UARI) and Pulsatility Index (UAPI). The placental volume was measured by three-dimensional ultrasound using the Virtual Organ Computer-Aided Analysis (VOCAL) technique

Prevalence and associated factors of sexual dysfunction in Malaysian menopausal women

The complexity of physical, hormonal and psychocological changes in menopause may affect the sexual function in women. This study measured the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in Malaysian menopausal women. The associated factors were also examined in the study. A cross-sectional study involved 310 menopausal (defined as last menstrual period more than 12 months ago) who visited a menopausal clinic in a secondary referral hospital in the East Peninsular Malaysia. The prevalence and associated factors of female sexual dysfunction in the study subjects were determined. Sexual dysfunction was assessed using the Malay version of the female sexual function index (MVFSFI). Possible associated factors were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. The prevalence of FSD for the menopausal women was 21.3%. Younger age was the only factor significantly associated with FSD in the study subjects (adjusted odds ratio=0.916, 95% CI=0.851-0.987). The prevalence of FSD was low in the Malaysian menopausal women and associated with younger age

An analysis of targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms for the risk prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in a cohort of Malaysian patients

Recent association studies have described genetic variants among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their related traits. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is pathophysiologically similar to T2DM and may share genetic susceptibility.However, genetic susceptibility within GDM in our own population is still not yet explored. This study was to determine the association of GDM genetic variants in the Malaysian population.We genotyped 384 T2DM related SNPs among 174 cases of GDM and 114 controls of pregnant women using Illumina’s Golden Gate genotyping assay. In this case-control study, a custom of 384-SNP plex of 236 candidate genes was designed using the Illumina’s Assay Design Tool. The data analysis showed 12 SNPs had a significant association with GDM among Malaysians with p values 0.002 to 0.048 with their respective odd ratios. The SNPs rs7754840, rs10946398, rs9465871, rs7756992, rs6823091, rs7935082,rs237889, rs7903146, rs7961581 were significant under additive model while rs10811661, rs1016472, rs2270031 were associated with GDM under recessive model. Three SNPs namely rs7935082, rs1016472 and rs2270031 had reduced risk towards GDM while another nine SNPs which were rs7754840, rs10946398, rs9465871, rs7756992,rs10811661, rs6823091, rs237889, rs7903146 and rs7961581 had increased risk as much 1.75 to 2.62 times. Twelve genetic variants of T2DM were replicated in the SNP profiling among Malaysians GDM. Thus with a more significant result in a bigger sample, SNP screening is potentially a useful method in predicting the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Primigravidae: a Mild Disease

This prospective observational study was done to analyse the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among primigravidae and its outcome. All healthy primigravidae with singleton pregnancies were offered universal glucose tolerance testing between 16 and 28 weeks gestation. GDM and non GDM groups were managed according to hospital protocol. The antenatal features and pregnancy outcomes were analysed. Out of 616 primigravidae, 113 (18.34 %) were GDM with slightly older (27.9 ± 4.2 versus 26.32 ± 3.3, p < 0.001) age. The mean fasting and two hours postprandial blood glucose in both groups were 4.99 ± 1.08 mmol/l, 8.86 ± 1.41 mmol/l(GDM) and 4.36 ± 0.43 mmol/l, 5.71 ± 1.11 mmol/l (Non GDM), respectively. Maternal family history of diabetes mellitus, weight exceeding 80 Kg, polyhydramnios (2.65 % versus 0.2 %, p=0.028) and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (9.73 % versus 2.98 %, p=0.01) occurred significantly more frequent in the GDM group compared to normal. There was no significant difference in other pregnancy outcomes and complications between the two groups. In conclusion GDM in primigravidae was detected at a relatively young age with more frequent maternal family history of DM, weight exceeding 80 Kg, polyhydromnions and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The degree of disease was mild and treatment led to no significant complication

Single nucleotide polymorphism for certain genes involved in gestational diabetes with risk factors and complications positive

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with pregnancy complications, however its mechanism has not been fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for identifying candidate genes involve in risk factors and complications of GDM. A total of 174 pregnant women with GDM and 114 healthy pregnant women were genotyped with 384 SNPs from 236 genes. The SNPs identified were rs10946398 (CDKAL1) in GDM risk factors; rs328 (LPL) and rs1042778 (OXTR) in complications of caesarean section; rs5404 (SLC2A2), rs5400 (SLC2A2) and rs13306465 (IRS1) for neonatal intensive care admission. Whereby SNPs rs12255372, rs7901695 and rs7903146 from TCF7L2 gene had six times higher risk (OR, 6.40-6.53) for T2DM at postpartum. In conclusion, although the above SNPs were identified with GDM risk factors and complications among pregnant Malaysian women with GDM, a larger study is needed to ascertain this candidate genes actual association