Identify Common Risk Factor and Clinical Presentation of Myocardial Infarction Among Male and Female Adults in Saudi Arabia

Data on the epidemiology of myocardial infarction (MI) risk factors in Saudi Arabia are limited, particularly in relation to age at MI onset. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of MI risk factors, as well as MI presentation in the central region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between – to – 2019 in a sample of 103 patients with MI. A self-administered and structured questionnaire assessing the participants’ baseline characteristics and MI-related risk factors and symptoms was employed. The analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. There were 55 (53.4%) male participants and 48 (46.6%) female participants. Their age ranged 16 to 86 years, with a mean age of 55.5±14.8 years. Seventy-one (68.9%) patients were above 45 years of age. The most common risk factors for MI were hypertension (58.2%), diabetes mellitus (59.2%), obesity (45.6%), physical inactivity (36.9%), smoking (36.9%), and hypercholesteremia (33.0%). Patients aged above 45 years of age were more likely to report an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesteremia (all P <0.05). the most common reported MI region was inferior wall MI. MI risk is high among young Saudi adults. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholestermia were significantly more common in older patients with MI. addressing the modifiable risk factors for MI is vital to early prevention of MI.    Keywords: myocardial infarction, risk factors, age, Saudi Arabia DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/69-11 Publication date: December 31st 201

Advanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation by CdO-g-C3N4 in Aqueous Medium under Visible Light

Herein, hydrothermal fabrication of CdO-g-C3N4 photocatalyst for a substantially better photocatalytic recital in water splitting is presented. The XRD analysis confirms the cubic phase of CdO-g-C3N4, whereas FTIR and UV-VIS studies revealed the presence of respective groups and a median band gap energy (2.55 eV) of the photocatalyst, respectively, which further enhanced its photo-electrochemical (PEC) properties. The SEM displays the oblong structures of g-C3N4 sheets and nano rod-like morphology of CdO and CdO-g-C3N4, respectively. The HR-TEM exhibits morphology & orientation of the grains and substantiates the polycrystal-line nature of CdO-g-C3N4 nanocomposite. The photocatalytic water-splitting concert is evaluated by PEC experiments under 1 SUN visible light irradiation. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) comprehend the CdO-g-C3N4 as a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst. A photocurrent density beyond ≥5 mA/cm2 is recorded from CdO-g-C3N4, which is 5–6 folds greater than pure CdO and g-C3N4. The efficient separation and transfer of charges allocated to CdO-g-C3N4 and fabricating heterojunctions between g-C3N4 and CdO suppresses the unfavorable electron-hole pairs recombination process. Thus, it recesses charge transfer resistance, augmenting enhanced photocatalytic performance under 1 SUN irradiation

PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF RECURRENT PEPTIC ULCER

Background:Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disease of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by mucosal damage due to the secretion of pepsin and gastric acid. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and causes of recurrent peptic ulcer. Methods:The current study adopted an exploratory study design in order to determine the prevalence and causes for recurrent peptic ulcer disease in individuals and predict an outcome. The participants for the current study were individuals belonging to the age group 18-75. This age group is chosen as the major influence of peptic ulcer disease is observed within this group.For the current study, questionnaire was adopted for data collection, which was also categorized as a study tool. Results:Study included 589 participants. It is noticed that most of participants (n= 530, 90.1%) strongly agree that they visit the doctor periodically to check on their health. Previous item has the highest rank followed by participants follow smoking lifestyle (n= 526, 89.4%). On the other hand, the least rank item on which participants strongly disagreed was participants suffered from soreness or bleeding from their stomach (n= 249, 42.4%). This gives a prevalence of 42.4% of peptic ulcer disease among study participants. Conclusion:Peptic ulcer illness burdens health care systems, which urge for adequate treatment to limit recurrence and effects. H. pylori, smoking, and aspirin usage are risk factors for 5-year peptic ulcer recurrence. Long-term PUD hazards include smoking and aspirin. Avoiding risk factors reduced the recurrence rate of H. pylori eradication, acid suppression medication, and surgery. This shows how eliminating risk factors may enhance long-term performance. Proper PUD treatment requires multicenter research to prevent recurrence and repercussions