Curative and protective potentials of Moringa oleifera leaf decoction on the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats

The present study was designed to investigate the protective, and curative potentials of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves powder against streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in rats. Fifty adult Wistar male albino rats were randomized and divided into five equal groups: The normal control group, the Moringa group, The diabetic group, the therapeutic group, and the diabetic rats (3 days after STZ injection) were received-MO-for successive 8 weeks and the prophylactic group, the rats were received-MO-for 2 weeks before STZ induced diabetic rats and lasted for 8 weeks. The protective or treated oral administration of 1 ml freshly prepared aqueous leaf decoction of-MO-revealed a significant upregulation of the mRNA expression of PDX-1, Ngn3, VEGF, IGF-1, and GLUT-2. Additionally, it induced a significant downregulation of FBG level compared to that of the diabetic group, a significant reduction in MDA level and a significant elevation in the TAC level. Furthermore, the histopathological observations of pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues affirmed the improvement in treated and prophylactic groups compared to STZ-diabetic groups, and the improvement in the prophylactic group was more distinct than the treated group. MO-aqueous leaf extract can treat and protect against STZ-induced T1DM; via its antioxidant action (increase the TAC and decrease MDA). Thus, it has the potential for utilization as a prophylactic against diabetes

Differential effects of alprazolam and clonazepam on the immune system and blood vessels of non-stressed and stressed adult male albino rats

Benzodiazepines belongs to one of the most commonly used anxiolytic and anticonvulsant drugs in the world. Full description of toxic effects on different organs is lacking for nearly all the current benzodiazepines. The aim of the current work was to study the immunologic and vascular changes induced by sub-chronic administration of alprazolam and clonazepam in non-stressed and stressed adult male albino rats. Forty-two adult male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (I): (Ia) Negative control rats, (Ib): Positive control rats received distilled water, (II): Stressed rats, (III): Non-stressed rats received daily oral dose of clonazepam (0.5 mg/kg), (IV): Stressed rats received daily oral dose of clonazepam (0.5 mg/kg), (V): Non-stressed rats received daily oral dose of alprazolam (0.3 mg/kg). (VI): Stressed rats received daily oral dose of alprazolam (0.3 mg/kg). At the end of the 4th week, total leukocyte count (WBCs) and differential count were determined, anti-sheep RBC antibody (Anti-SRBC) titer and interleukin-2 (IL-2) level were assessed, thymus glands, lymph nodes, spleens and abdominal aortae were submitted to histopathological examination. Alprazolam was found to induce a significant increase in neutrophil count and a significant decrease in lymphocytes, anti-SRBC titer and IL-2 level with severe depletion of the splenic, thymal and nodal lymphocytes, accompanied by congestion and eosinophilic vasculitis of all organs tested in comparison to clonazepam treated rats. Stress enhanced the toxic effects. It was concluded that the immune system and blood vessels can be adversely affected to a greater extent by short-term chronic administration of alprazolam than by clonazepam, and these toxic effects are aggravated by stress

The role of biomarkers as a diagnostic tool in some neoplasms of pet animals

Cancerous tumors are one of the main problems that cause of deaths in pet animals. The objective of this paper is to describe histopathological features of some neoplastic masses with confirmation using immunohistochemistry in pet animals.  Our study was done from May 2022 to August 2023 in Sharkia governorate, Egypt to correctly recognize 7 cases of pet animal neoplasms "5 cases of dogs and 2 queen case" based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.  The results revealed 2 cases of TVT in Penis with positive expressions for Iba2 and vimentin  , 1 Case of Sebaceous adenoma in Hock joint of male dog skin, 1 case of hepatoid carcinoma in perianal glands of male dog with positive immunolabelling for CK7  , 1 case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma  in A 4-year old, male, Great Dane dog  and 2 cases of queen with mammary gland adenocarcinoma with positive immunoreactivity for HER-2 and other mixed mammary neoplasm accompanied with sarcoma has positive staining for vimentin. It could be concluded that  the histopathological evaluations by H&E stain is the backbone method for neoplasms diagnosis and  using some  biomarkers added a confirmatory tools for these diagnosis

The role of biomarkers as a diagnostic tool in some neoplasms of pet animals

Cancerous tumors are one of the main problems that cause of deaths in pet animals. The objective of this paper is to describe histopathological features of some neoplastic masses with confirmation using immunohistochemistry in pet animals.  Our study was done from May 2022 to August 2023 in Sharkia governorate, Egypt to correctly recognize 7 cases of pet animal neoplasms "5 cases of dogs and 2 queen case" based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.  The results revealed 2 cases of TVT in Penis with positive expressions for Iba2 and vimentin  , 1 Case of Sebaceous adenoma in Hock joint of male dog skin, 1 case of hepatoid carcinoma in perianal glands of male dog with positive immunolabelling for CK7  , 1 case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma  in A 4-year old, male, Great Dane dog  and 2 cases of queen with mammary gland adenocarcinoma with positive immunoreactivity for HER-2 and other mixed mammary neoplasm accompanied with sarcoma has positive staining for vimentin. It could be concluded that  the histopathological evaluations by H&E stain is the backbone method for neoplasms diagnosis and  using some  biomarkers added a confirmatory tools for these diagnosis

Pathological studies on some marine fish parasites in Egypt

Marine fish is an important source of high-quality, yet relatively cheap animal protein in the Egyptian’s diet. Although most parasitic diseases might not cause direct losses of fish, it has deleterious effects on their weight gain and marketability and weaken the fish's immune system paving the way for more serious secondary infections. In this study, we recorded the most common parasitic infestations in marine fish in Egypt in the period between winter 2019 to summer 2021 and described their associated pathologic effects. Four hundred fish from seven different fish species (Mugil cephalus, Pomadasys incisus, Gilthead sea bream, Pagrus Pagrus, Morone labrax (sea bass), thunnus thynnus and Caranx crysos) were randomly collected from the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Out of the 400 examined fish, 197 (49.25%) infestations were recorded. The isolated parasites were a crustacean, two cestodes, and a nematode and were morphologically identified as follows: Ceratothoa oestroides, Callitetrarhynchus gracilis, Tetraphyllidean larvae and Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum). Among the infested fish, the highest prevalence of infestation was recorded by Ceratothoa oestroides (43.65%) followed by Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (31.98%) and Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (24.37%), and the lowest prevalence rate was recorded by the Tetraphyllidean larvae (15.74%). The pathologic macroscopic and microscopic lesions associated with each type of infestation are described underscoring the importance of continuous search for and application of possible safe control measures for marine fish parasites to spare the fish industry the detrimental effects of these infestations.Â

Pathological studies on some marine fish parasites in Egypt

Marine fish is an important source of high-quality, yet relatively cheap animal protein in the Egyptian’s diet. Although most parasitic diseases might not cause direct losses of fish, it has deleterious effects on their weight gain and marketability and weaken the fish's immune system paving the way for more serious secondary infections. In this study, we recorded the most common parasitic infestations in marine fish in Egypt in the period between winter 2019 to summer 2021 and described their associated pathologic effects. Four hundred fish from seven different fish species (Mugil cephalus, Pomadasys incisus, Gilthead sea bream, Pagrus Pagrus, Morone labrax (sea bass), thunnus thynnus and Caranx crysos) were randomly collected from the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Out of the 400 examined fish, 197 (49.25%) infestations were recorded. The isolated parasites were a crustacean, two cestodes, and a nematode and were morphologically identified as follows: Ceratothoa oestroides, Callitetrarhynchus gracilis, Tetraphyllidean larvae and Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum). Among the infested fish, the highest prevalence of infestation was recorded by Ceratothoa oestroides (43.65%) followed by Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (31.98%) and Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (24.37%), and the lowest prevalence rate was recorded by the Tetraphyllidean larvae (15.74%). The pathologic macroscopic and microscopic lesions associated with each type of infestation are described underscoring the importance of continuous search for and application of possible safe control measures for marine fish parasites to spare the fish industry the detrimental effects of these infestations.Â