Interprofessional Education (IPE) between Medical and Dietetics Students: Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Influencing Patient Care

Health Professions - Clinical (The Ohio State University Denman Undergraduate Research Forum)Inter-professional education (IPE) is a teaching process where students of various health professions work together and learn through engaging activities in-order to improve overall healthcare. Despite the growing need for IPE, a lack of data exists pertaining to IPE outcomes between students in domains of nutrition & medicine. The overall aim was to implement and evaluate didactic and experiential MNT for medical students (MS) and dietetic interns (DI). Medical Dietetics faculty taught key components of dietary risk assessment and MNT (specifically DASH, carbohydrate-controlled, gluten free, mineral-controlled for renal disease, and national cholesterol education program (NCEP)). Then, one DI paired with 2-6 MS and altered sample meals using evidence-based guidelines as specified in the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition Care Manual. Each MS made suggestions for therapeutic alterations to meals. Each group discussed potential challenges facing patients following specific diets. Barriers and solutions for healthy eating discussed in each group included picky eaters, food insecurity, frequently eating out, cooking challenges, family dysfunctions, and food sensitivities. At end of session, Faculty debriefed the entire class with an overall discussion. Evaluations for MS included pre- and post-session 5-point Likert-surveys (least=1; most=5) rating perceived confidence & knowledge for: altering meals for MNT, suggesting healthy solutions, recognizing parameters of nutrition risk, and integrating MNT and the role of dietitians. DI gave post-session feedback to open-ended IPE questions. Analyses showed a significant change in pre and post survey scores for every question (p<0.05). MS rated the IPE session with highest marks for helpfulness of session to alter meals in accordance to MNT guidelines, address parameters to assess nutrition risk in acute care, and work alongside RDs. DI feedback underscored the role of RDs on the medical team. Future IPE work should include longitudinal assessment of impact once MS are in clinical and resident rotations.Academic Major: Medical Dietetic

Interprofessional education (IPE) between Medical and Dietetic students: Prescribing Medical Nutrition Therapy?

Abstract Introduction: Interprofessional education (IPE) is a collaborative learning process between health professionals to improve healthcare outcomes. Limited data exists on IPE specifically between medical students (MS) and dietetic students (DS). Our study evaluated a two hour didactic and experiential Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) session for MS, facilitated by dietetics faculty and DS

Review of childcare educators’ practices

Abstract: The role of childcare educators is important given that 81% of preschoolers living in developed countries receive childcare outside their home. Since children learn by observing and imitating others, childcare educators may play a role in promoting healthy eating behaviours and physical activity in young children. Six databases were searched for quantitative peer-reviewed, English or French primary studies reporting the correlates, predictors or effectiveness of childcare educators’ practices and behaviours on preschoolers’ healthy eating and physical activity behaviours. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Fifteen articles were included in this review: ten measured physical activity levels and five assessed eating behaviours. The quality score was rated as low for eight of these articles, and as moderate for the remaining seven. Two of four cross-sectional studies reported a positive relationship between educators and children’s behaviours. Eleven intervention studies reported significant favourable effects of interventions. Educators may play a positive role in promoting healthy behaviours in children, but this is mainly based on few intervention type studies of low or moderate quality. The influence of specific components of educators’ practices and behaviours on children’s healthy eating and physical activity behaviours remains inconclusive

Making Popular and Solidarity Economies in Dollarized Ecuador: Money, Law, and the Social After Neoliberalism

In Ecuador, state and non-state actors have turned to forms of everyday economic practice and organization for inspiration in conceptualizing and institutionalizing a “post-neoliberal” economic system oriented to “social and solidary” ends: a so-called “popular and solidarity economy” [economía popular y solidaria]. Such efforts to reimagine “the social” itself as an alternative to neoliberal capitalism provoke questions that dovetail with those introduced more than a decade before by Ecuador’s official adoption of the U.S. dollar. This dissertation examines the intersection of these two projects of state and social transformation with the activities of bureaucrats and experts, market vendors, and members of family and neighborhood savings and credit associations. At stake are not only debates about alternative economic and political imaginaries, state and civil society, or the pasts and futures of liberalism and neoliberalism, but also questions about trust, durability, and form—of value, institutions, and collective life itself: What happens when regimes of value are transformed? How do the uses and meanings of money change along with its legal status and material form? How are “economy” and “society” reformatted as local lives and livelihoods are harnessed to state-led efforts to reconstitute state and society? And how can the infrastructures and institutions of associational life that subtend trust—in the value of a new currency, in governmental or financial institutions, in one’s neighbors and fellow citizens—be made durable and lasting? From policy to practice, market stalls and middle-class living rooms to government offices and neighborhood meeting houses, this dissertation explores efforts to imagine and institutionalize this popular and solidarity economy alongside the everyday politics and pragmatics of money and law. The dissertation tracks how the mundane techniques and technologies of money and law—cash and coin, account books and Excel files, the rules and regulations of bureaucratic administration and vernacular institution-building—are folded into people’s everyday efforts to navigate the relational complexities of associational life in the context of dollarization and post-neoliberal state transformation

Making Popular and Solidarity Economies in Dollarized Ecuador: Money, Law, and the Social After Neoliberalism

In Ecuador, state and non-state actors have turned to forms of everyday economic practice and organization for inspiration in conceptualizing and institutionalizing a “post-neoliberal” economic system oriented to “social and solidary” ends: a so-called “popular and solidarity economy” [economía popular y solidaria]. Such efforts to reimagine “the social” itself as an alternative to neoliberal capitalism provoke questions that dovetail with those introduced more than a decade before by Ecuador’s official adoption of the U.S. dollar. This dissertation examines the intersection of these two projects of state and social transformation with the activities of bureaucrats and experts, market vendors, and members of family and neighborhood savings and credit associations. At stake are not only debates about alternative economic and political imaginaries, state and civil society, or the pasts and futures of liberalism and neoliberalism, but also questions about trust, durability, and form—of value, institutions, and collective life itself: What happens when regimes of value are transformed? How do the uses and meanings of money change along with its legal status and material form? How are “economy” and “society” reformatted as local lives and livelihoods are harnessed to state-led efforts to reconstitute state and society? And how can the infrastructures and institutions of associational life that subtend trust—in the value of a new currency, in governmental or financial institutions, in one’s neighbors and fellow citizens—be made durable and lasting? From policy to practice, market stalls and middle-class living rooms to government offices and neighborhood meeting houses, this dissertation explores efforts to imagine and institutionalize this popular and solidarity economy alongside the everyday politics and pragmatics of money and law. The dissertation tracks how the mundane techniques and technologies of money and law—cash and coin, account books and Excel files, the rules and regulations of bureaucratic administration and vernacular institution-building—are folded into people’s everyday efforts to navigate the relational complexities of associational life in the context of dollarization and post-neoliberal state transformation

Can we reduce autism-related gastrointestinal and behavior problems by gut microbiota based dietary modulation? A review

Introduction: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that negatively affects a child's interaction and communication with the environment. The signals between intestine, brain, and microbiota change in autism. Altering the composition of microbiota may contribute to the development of clinical symptoms. Diet is one of the most important factors influencing intestinal microbiota. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in gastrointestinal (GI) and behavioral problems seen in children with autism and discuss the potential effect of diet on intestinal microbiota in reducing these problems. Methods: The database Web of Science was searched for relevant studies. The combinations of the following terms were used for the search: 'autism' or 'autistic' and 'microbiome' or 'microbiota' or 'gut bacteria' or 'gut microbiota' or 'gut microbiome.' The analysis included human studies evaluating the relationship between GI problems and/or behavioral problems and intestinal microbiota in autism in the English language with no time limitation. Results: The initial search resulted in 691 studies, with 14 studies fully meeting the inclusion criteria. In these studies, high growth rates of Clostridium histolyticum, C. perfringens, and Sutterella; high ratio of Escherichia/Shigella; and low ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes were generally related to GI problems, while relative abundance of Desulfovibrio, Clostridium spp., and Bacteroides vulgatus were associated with behavior disorders. Conclusions: Published studies on the relationship of gastrointestinal and behavioral problems with gut microbiota in autism are very limited and contradictory. The fact that the results of the studies are not consistent with each other may be explained by the differences in the age of participants, geographical region, sample size, presence of GI problems in the selected control group, and feces or biopsy samples taken from different regions of GI system. With the available information, it is not yet possible to develop a gut microbiota-based nutritional intervention to treat GI symptoms for people with autism