Tunisian Case of Desert Valorisation for Promoter Enduring Development of Competence

Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify through economic, social and cultural indicators, the effects induced by a touristy activity development in the region of Tataouine (Southern Tunisian) in order to follow and measure the durability of this sector on this territory. Indeed, the Saharan tourism, based essentially on the patrimonial resources, the handicraft and all productions bound to the specific local resources exploitation, appears like a promoter sector carrier of dynamics susceptible to be transmitted to the whole economy and could be considered like an anchorage favourable point to an enduring development. The actors, both in public and private sector, survey showed that 78% of Tataouine region entrepreneurs proved their great satisfaction on the economic profitability of their projects. In addition, on the territorial integration of the enterprise and its contribution to the local economic channel, it was noticed that the impact on the local development is rather advantageous: on the one hand because the permanent or seasonal regular staff is employees of the region and on the other hand the supplies are, for the majority, local products. Nevertheless, the stakes in putting on tourism this delicate territory are considerable, especially when it was noticed that the Saharan tourism in Tunisia takes place on the base of generic benefits identical to those of the bathing model which could only increase the pressure on the Sahara

SPE and HPLC monitoring of 17-β-estradiol in Egyptian aquatic ecosysetms

Solid-phase extraction and HPLC methods are described for monitoring of 17-β-estradiol residues in Egyptian aquatic ecosystems (water, fish, mollusks, sediment, and drinking water) at the Nile River, Suez Canal region, and northeast of Egypt. Molecular imprinted polymer was prepared and used in extraction. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns used were Supelcosil C18 and Nucleosil C18. The mobile phases used were different combinations of water and acetonitrile. The concentration of 17-β-estradiol in water, aquatic animals, and sediment samples were of 265.13–7988.12 µg/L, 0.503–96.167, and 0.775–11.884 µg/kg, respectively. Marine lake was contained with high levels of 17-β-estradiol (P < 0.05). Similarly, the Nile River downstream showed high levels of 17-β-estradiol. The detected concentrations in mollusks were significantly higher than those detected in fish. Tilapia fish did not show 17-β-estradiol. Contrarily, low concentrations were detected in the rivulet streams supplied by the Nile River. Besides, 17-β-estradiol was also detected in the sediments at low levels. Detection of 17-β-estradiol in the Egyptian ecosystems attracted attention toward heavy reliance on some esterogenic medicinal products in Egypt. The monitoring of 17-β-estradiol in other water bodies was recommended. Besides, the development of methodologies of bioremediation to eliminate 17-β-estradiol from the Egyptian and other water resources of the world was also suggested