ASEAN and the BRI: The Utility of Equidistant Diplomacy with China and the US

The aim of the present study is to shed light on the diplomatic achievements of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), by exploring the way in which it has dealt with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) implemented by China. ASEAN is little more than an association of minor powers with insignificant military and economic capabilities. However, in its dealings with the BRI, it has proactively advanced its own interests by skillfully conducting equidistant diplomacy with China and the US, without becoming too remote from or too close to either one of them, thereby reaping benefits from its favorable relations with each of them

Characteristics of the elderly in high - resolution computed tomography lung densitometry

To determine the characteristics of the elderly in high - resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung densitometry, mean lung density (MLD) and relative area of the lungs showing attenuation values less than -950 HU (RA(950)) on HRCT were evaluated in nonsmoking control subjects (n = 80) and patients with asthma (n = 80) in relation to their age and pulmonary function. MLD was significantly decreased, and RAW was significantly increased with increasing age in both asthmatics and controls. The MLD values were significantly lower in asthmatics compared with controls in subjects aged between 60 and 69 years and over age 70. RAgsov alues were significantly higher in asthmatics compared with controls in subjects aged between 50 and 59 years, between 60 and 69, and over 70. % FEV(1) and FEV(1) / FVC were significantly decreased in elderly asthmatic patients over 70 years of age compared with the values in those under 49. Percent residual volume (% RV) was significantly larger in patients over 70 years of age than in those between 50 and 59, and under 49 years. RAW was significantly larger in patients with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SDIA) between 50 and 59 years of age, and between 60 and 69 compared with RA 950 in those without SDIA. However, RAW did not differ significantly between SDIA and non-SDIA in patients over age 70. The results suggested that in % LAA of the lungs on HRCT was significantly increased in the elderly subjects with and without asthma, and it was significantly higher in the elderly asthmatics than the elderly controls.高齢者の病態的特徴を明らかにするために，健常者80例および非喫煙喘息患者80例を対象として，平均肺CT値（MLD）ならびに高分解能CT（HRCT）による－950HU以下の肺low attenuation area（RA950）を評価し，年齢及び肺機能との関連を検討した。　 1．健常者，喘息患者いずれにおいても年齢とともにMLDは有意に減少し，RA(950)は有意に増加した。MLDは，60－69歳と70歳以上の年 齢層において，健常者に比して喘息患者で有意に低値を示した。RA(950)。は，50－59歳・60－69歳・70歳以上の年齢層において，健常者に比して喘息患者で有意に高値を示した。　 2．喘息患者において，1秒量（% FEV(1)）および1秒（FEV(1)/ FVC）は，49歳以下の年齢層に比して70歳以上の年齢層で有意に低値を示した。一方，残気量（% RV）は，50－59歳ならびに49歳以下の年齢層に比して70歳以上の年齢層で有意に高値を示した。 3．50－59歳および60－69歳の年齢層では，RA(950)は，ステロイド依存性重症難治性喘息（SDIA）患者において非SDIA患者に比して有意に高値を示した。しかし，70歳以上の年齢層では両者に有意の差は認められなかった。これらの結果より，HRCT上の肺low attenuation areaは高齢者において有意に増加すること，さらに嘱息患者の方が健常者に比してより高値を示すことが示唆された

5カ国防衛取極(FPDA)とアジア太平洋の海洋安全保障: 防衛装備・技術面での日英協力の視点から

金沢大学大学院人間社会環境研究科査読済論文および正誤

[書評] 小泉悠著『「帝国ロシア」の地政学―「勢力圏」で読むユーラシア戦略』

（本文の出所） 戦略研究学会より許可を得て、出版社原稿を加工したものを登録JSPS科学研究費補助金研究成果の一部, 研究課題名:領土紛争をめぐる排他的ナショナリズムの緩和 (研究課題/領域番号:21K01368

カーター政権とカンボジア国連代表権問題 : 人権外交の限界と新冷戦への道程

取得学位:博士（法学）,授与番号:博士甲第77号,授与年月日:2006年3月25日,授与大学:金沢大学,論文審査委員長:梶川, 伸一, 論文審査委員:　鹿島, 正裕 / アンドリュー, ビートン / 西村, 茂 / 中島, 健

On the Characteristics of Dust Figures.

In the previous report the characteristics of Dust Figures originated from five kinds of impulse voltages having full wave form were investigated and obvious features were recognized between them． In the present paper the same experiment was carried out on Dust Figures of chopped wave form．By chopping the same impulse voltages as before at their crest value figures of wave fronts having three kinds of steepness were obtained．The differences between these figures are discussed and then by comparing these figures to those of full wave forms the influences of the wave tail on figures are studied also． Each positive figure has distinct feature and it is possible to distinguish from others，but negative one is not so. The effects of the wave tail on the figure are as follows： 1， Figures of the wave front are smaller than those of fullwave. 2． Accummulation of electric charges on the figure of the wave front is less than that of fullwave. 3． In the figure of the wave front，development of tree-like figure is not so clear as in the case of fullwave

’あくび’と胸痛を訴えた気管支喘息の1症例

We present a case of a patient with asthma who developed yawning associated with anterior chest pain. She was admitted due to severe anterior chest pain, wheezing and dyspnea. Although the frequency of the symptoms decreased, she began to experience frequent episodes of yawning at night accompanied by tears. While she experienced yawning, although PEF (peak expiratory flow) decreased, no asthmatic symptoms, such as wheezing or dyspnea were observed. The yawning was improved markedly by bronchodilators and a leukotriene receptor antagonist, and moderately improved by corticosteroids. We speculated that yawning is a clinical manifestation of asthma that responds to treatment.64歳の女性｡1993年2月に高度の前胸部痛,職場,呼吸困難を主訴として入院した｡入院後,前胸部痛,喘鳴,呼吸困難は徐々に軽快傾向であったが,夜間流涙を伴う`あくびが頻回に出現するようになった｡`あくび'が出現する時には,喘息症状(喘鳴,呼吸困難)は伴わないが,ピークフローに低下を認めた｡`あくび'に対する治療としては,気管支拡張剤,ロイコトリエン受容体結抗剤は著効,副腎皮質ステロイド剤は中等度 有効であった｡`あくび'は治療に反応する喘息の-症状であることが示唆された

高齢者喘息のIgEにmediateされるアレルギー反応におよぽす喫煙の影響

The influence of cigarette smoking on the pathophysiology of asthma in the elderly remains controversial. In this study, the inluence of cigarette smoking on IgE - mediated allergy including the generation of leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) and C4 (LTC4) was examined in forty asthmatics over the age of 70 years (20 ex-smokers and 20 never-smokers), and 20 patients with pulmonary emphysema over age 70 (all ex - smokers). The frequency of patients with serum IgE more than 200 IU/ml was significantly larger in smoking asthmatics than in non - smoking asthmatics. The incidence of patients with positive RAST score for inhalant allergens, was also significantly higher in patients with a history of smoking than in those without a smoking history. There were no significant differences in the frequency of patients with positive RAST and those with serum IgE more than 200 IU/ml between non-smoking asthmatics and patients with pulmonary emphysema. The generation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by leukocytes was significantly more increased in ex-smokers than in never-smokers in the elderly asthmatics. The results suggest the possibility that cigarette smoking enhances IgE - mediated allergy in elderly patients with asthma.高齢者喘息の病態に対する喫煙の影響については,なお不明な点が多い｡本研究では,70歳以上の気管支喘息40例(喫煙歴20年以上の症例20例,非喫煙症例20例)および70歳以上の肺気腫20例(全例喫煙者)を対象に,IgE-mediatedallergy(LTB4,LTC4の産生を含む)に対する喫煙の影響について検討した｡血清IgE値が200IU/ml以 上を示す症例の頻度は,喘息の喫煙例で非喫煙例や肺気腫症例と比べ有意に高い値を示した｡吸入抗原に対する特異的IgE抗体が陽性を示す症例の頻度は,喘息の喫煙例で非喫煙例や肺気腫に比べ有意に高い値を示した｡しかし,血清IgEが200IU/ml以上の症例の頻度およびRAST陽性例の頻度は,喘息の非喫煙例と肺気腫例の間には有意 の差は見られなかった｡LTB4の産生は,喘息の喫煙例で,非喫煙例と比べ有意の亢進が見られた｡また,肺気腫例では,喘息の非喫煙例に比べ,有意に高い産生が見られた｡しかし,LTC4の産生には喘息の喫煙例,非喫煙例,肺気腫例の間に有意の差は見られなかった