Studies on the Relationship between Pulmonary Tuberculous Cavities and Draining Bronchi, by Injecting Acrylic Resin

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。We have studied 83 tuberculosis lungs removed at operation or at autopsy, three-dimensionally, pathologically, and histologically by means of the plasticinjected casts, and further investigated the relationship between cavities and draining bronchi and have reached the following conclusions. 1). The 7th to 9th bronchi in each lobe are big enough to play the role of draining bronchi, thus it may be said that the caseated foci larger than a lobule are facing directly to these bronchi. This is why these foci are always threatened by the danger of cavitation. 2). It is extremely difficult for a cavity to be cut off from the trachea by connective tissues obstruction of its draining bronchus; indeed this kind of obstruction has not been found at all in our studies. 3). There is a parallel relation between the state of a cavity and the tuberculous lesion of its draining bronchus, but in many cases there is a difference in the extent of the disease. Accordingly it is necessary to keep in mind the state of the draining bronchus at the time of treatment of the cavity. 4). The modes of opening of a cavity into its draining bronchus are; (1) a cavity opening into the end of a bronchus at its top (pattern I), and (2) a cavity opening into the lateral wall of a bronchus. According to the different stages of the developing cavity, the patterns seem to alter as follows⟶pattern I⟶pattern II⟶pattern I. 5). A cavity, less than 1.5cm in diameter, has usually one draining bronchus, while a bigger cavity than the above has generally two or more bronchi, and a cavity larger than the above two kinds of cavities has several draining bronchi, but seldom more than four. The drainidg bronchi from megacavities are fewer in number but manytimes larger in size than those of the above cavities. This is apparently due to the fact that the other small draining bronchi were obliterated during the course of the development of the disease. 6) A cavitation is not necessarly limited to a single pulmonary segment, but the draining bronchus of a cavity, which is 1.5cm. in diameter, communicates with the two neighboring segments, especially those of megacavities sometimes communicate with many segments. The intersegmental partitions, which consist of connective tissue and branches of pulmonary veins, are not firm enough to check caseation and cavitation of the intersegmental connective tissue during the development and fusion of the tuberculous focus. 7). Morphological changes in draining bronchi such as stenosis, obstruction, partial dilatation, and single or multiple flexions are observable. Partial stenosis is distinctly observable at the opening of the bronchi into cavities, and in other parts, a partial stenosis and a partial dilatation of the draining bronchus occur alternatly and the extent of the lesions gradually decreases in degree towards the pulmonary hilum. The morphological changes of draining bronchi parallel the degree of the tuberculous lesion around the cavity or the caseated focus. 8). With pneumothorax the bronchi take the form of stratification roughly parallel to the axis of a lobe, and the bronchial bending and obstruction are not recognized. Even in highly collapsed lungs of perfect pneumothorax, bronchial obstruction is not recognizable, but only the shortening narrowing of bronchi. 9). One form of direct treatment of tuberculosis, the incision treatment, aims at cleaning the cavity and cicatrized healing by means of draining the contents of cavity through the body wall, and not through a draining bronchus. But unfortunately this treatment is not very through when we consider the relationship between a cavity and the bronchial tuberculous lesion. From this point of view resection seems to be the more thorough treatment, but indications for this treatment are limited to cases in the early stage, if we consider bronchial lesions and disseminated foci. Therefore, those caseated foci which seems to tend towards softening and dec

Ion microprobe mesearments of Mg isotopes in Type B1 CAI of Allende meteorite

Magnesium isotopes in individual mineral grains of a Ca-Al rich inclusion from the Allende meteorite have been measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry. An electrostatic peak switching system was used to make a precise isotopic measurement in high mass resolution mode (M/⊿M=∿4000). The inclusion shows excess of ^Mg correlated with the ^Al/^Mg ratio. The results suggest that live ^Al decayed in the inclusion which formed simultaneously in the solar nebula. The relative abundance of ^Al(^Al/^Al=3.12×10^) is close to the "canonical" value (^Al/^Al=∿5×10^) for coarse-grained CAIs

Radiation Yield and Radicals Produced in Irradiated Poly (Butylene Succinate)

The main chemical effects of ionizing irradiation on polymers are crosslinking and chain scission. Both processes occur simultaneously and their yields determine the final results of processing. The radiation yield of crosslinking could be determined by several methods depending on the characteristics of the material and properties of the gel. Radiation parameters of gelation, such as gelation dose and ratio of scission yield to crosslinking yield, as well as their values were estimated. In this study, those parameters depend on the amount of Trimethallyl isocyanurate (TMAIC) in Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), molecular weight of PBS, and irradiation condition. In the absence of TMAIC, higher molecular weight of PBS required less energy to start gelation process compare to lower molecular weight of PBS. While in the presence of TMAIC all of the PBS samples require similar energy to start gelation process. The existence of macroradicals were observed by Electron Spin Resonance measurements. The result showed that the spectra consisted of signals derived from radicals on carbon nearby carbonyl, and signals derived from radicals on carbon reside between two similar carbon on polymer, both of radicals lead to crosslinking

Relationship between Weanling and Yearling Fleece Characters in the Corriedale Sheep

This study has been conducted to test if the yearling fleece characters may be predicted from the weanling fleece characters, by investigating the relationship between the weanling and the yearling fleece characters with special reference to the grease yield, clean yield, clean yield percentage, stretched length, density and the fineness of the Corriedale sheep wool. The animals used were 11 Corriedale ewes born in the spring, 1955 at the Chugoku Stock Breeding Farm of the Department of Agriculture and Forestry. The wool samples were taken from left and right side and thigh regions of each sheep at weanling and yearling ages and each fleece character at both ages was measured and its relationship was analyzed. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Considerably high and significant regressions and correlations were found between weanling and yearling characters, such as the grease wool yield, stretched wool length at side region and the wool fineness at thigh region. (2) While the clean wool yields, clean wool yields percentages, wool densities and the wool fineness at side regions between both ages had no significant regressions and correlations. (3) It seems from the results of the present study that of all fleece characters measured, grease wool yield, stretched wool length at side region and the wool fineness at thigh region have considerably high values for predicting the yearling fleece characters from the weanling characters of the Corriedale sheep

Limnotrachelobdella okae（Hirudinida: Piscicolidae） parasitic on a flathead grey mullet（Mugil cephalus） in Lake Shinji, Shimane Prefecture, Japan

Limnotrachelobdella okae（Moore,1924）is a skin parasite of coastal marine and brackish−water fishes in Far East Asia. A specimen of L. okae was found on the head of a flathead grey mullet （Mugil cephalus）in brackish−water Lake Shinji, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, inMarch 2012. This represents the fourth record of L. okae from M. cephalus in Japan.ホシザキグリーン財団委託業績 第119

Synopsis of Japanese names of the parasites from cultured fishes and shellfishes in Japan

日本産養殖魚介類の寄生虫の標準和名目録を作成した。国内の養殖対象魚介類に寄生する微胞子虫類7種，鞭毛虫類4種，繊毛虫類7種，粘液胞子虫類32種，単生類24種，吸虫類9種，条虫類3種，線虫類10種，鉤頭虫類6種，ヒル類5種，甲殻類30種を含む合計137種の寄生虫について標準和名を整理し，うち40属，77種について新標準和名あるいは改称を提案した。また，日本における発生事例や寄生虫の生物学や病理学など，魚病学的に重要な参考文献を付記した。A synopsis of Japanese names is compiled for the parasites reported from cultured fishes and shellfishes in Japan, based on the literature published between 1916 and 2014. A total of 137 species of the parasites, comprising 7 microsporeans, 4 flagellates, 7 ciliates, 32 myxozoans, 24 monogeneans, 9 trematodes, 3 cestodes, 10 nematodes, 6 acanthocephalans, 5 hirudineans, and 30 crustaceans, are selected, and new Japanese names are proposed for 40 genera and 77 species of the parasites. Some important references for each parasite, e.g., a case report, biology, and pathology, are also added as a supplementary note

Deep Angiomyxoma of the Thigh That Is Difficult to Diagnose: A Case Report and Literature Review

We present an extremely rare case of deep angiomyxoma (DAM) in the thigh that was misdiagnosed as desmoid-type fibromatosis. A 40-year-old Japanese woman presented with a mass on the left thigh. The histological diagnosis by needle biopsy was desmoid-type fibromatosis; the tumor grew slowly and was resected 4 years later. The histological diagnosis from the resected tumor was DAM. As of 16 months post-surgery, the patient has not noticed any local recurrence. Although DAM in a lower extremity is extremely rare, clinicians must be aware of its possible occurrence in areas relatively close to the pelvis

A Simple Enzymatic Method for Production of a Wide Variety of D-Amino Acids Using L-Amino Acid Oxidase from Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1

A simple enzymatic method for production of a wide variety of D-amino acids was developed by kinetic resolution of DL-amino acids using L-amino acid oxidase (L-AAO) with broad substrate specificity from Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1. The optimum pH of the L-AAO reaction was classified into three groups depending on the L-amino acids as substrate, and their respective activities between pH 5.5 and 8.5 accounted for more than 60% of the optimum activity. The enzyme was stable in the range from pH 6.0 to 8.0, and approximately 80% of the enzyme activity remained after incubation at 40°C for 60 min at pH 7.0. D-Amino acids such as D-citrulline, D-glutamine, D-homoserine or D-arginine, which are not produced by D-aminoacylases or D-hydantoinases, were produced from the racemic mixture within a 24-hr reaction at 30°C and pH 7.0. Thus, the present method using L-AAO was versatile for production of a wide variety of D-amino acids