Performance of introduced confectionery lines for yield and quality characteristics at ICRISAT Center, India

About a third of the world's groundnut production is consumed in the form of edible nuts. Large-seeded groundnuts are preferred for direct consumption. Development of large-seeded varieties with improved seed quality characteristics is an important breeding activity at ICRISAT Center. India and at North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, USA. We obtained 65 largeseeded advanced breeding/germplasm lines from NCSU to broaden the genetic base.............

Inheritance of period from seedling emergence to first flowering in peanut (Arachis Hypogaeal)

F 1 progenies peanut (Arachis hypogaeal. L.) from a 6 x diallel, including reciprocals and their parents, were evaluated for the number of days seedlings emergence to first flower appearance during the 1981 and 1982 rainy seasons at ICRISAT Centre, Patancheru, India. Genetic analysis indicated the predominant role of additive genetic variance in the expression of this character. Genotype 91176 had the best general combining ability for early flowering and has the potential for use in breeding programs.Variety M 13 had the best general combining ability for late flowerin

Registration of Four Jassid-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines: ICGV 86252, ICGV 86393, ICGV 86455, and ICGV 86462

Four elite peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm lines, ICGV 86252 (Reg. no. GP-69, P1 585001), ICGV 86393 (Reg. no. GP-70, P1 585002), ICGV 86455 (Reg. no. GP-71, P1 585003), and ICGV 86462 (Reg. no. GP-72, P1 585004), resistant to jassid (Empoasca kerri Pruthi), were developed at the Asia Center of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India. They were released in 1993 by the ICRISAT Plant Materials Identification Committee

Genetic Analysis of Trichome Characters Associated with Resistance To Jassid (Empoasca kerri Pruthi) in Peanut

F1 progenies resulting from a 10 x 10 diallel cross including reciprocals, in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ) cultivars of different susceptibility to the jassid, Empoasca kerri Pruthi, were studied to determine the inheritance of trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaf, leaf midrib, and petiole, and their association with resistance to E. kerri. Genotypes or crosses with long trichomes on the leaves and petioles showed a high level of resistance to jassids (leafhoppers) as evidenced by a very low percentage of yellowed foliage (hopper bum). Nonadditive genetic variance was predominantly observed for all trichome characters. However, additive genetic variance was also important for the presence of long trichomes on the midrib and petioles and for jassid damage. NC Ac 2230, a jassid resistant line, is the best parent to use in a breeding program because of its stable resistance and high general combining ability for the presence of trichomes

Relationship of Seed Mass to Oil and Protein Contents in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Seed mass, oil and protein contents are important quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sixty-four genotypes were grown for four seasons to study genetic variation and character association between these three traits. Graded seed samples of 33 genotypes were further studied for possible variation within genotype among grades for oil and protein contents. No significant association of seed mass with percent oil or protein contents was observed among the 64 genotypes. However, oil and protein contents were significantly negatively associated. Oil content variation within a genotype showed a significant linear increase as the seed mass increased in the graded samples, but no such relationship was observed with protein content. Genotypes with desirable traits for confectionery and/or oil types were identified and may be used for germplasm enhancement

Effect of Genotypes and Environments on Oil Content and Oil Quality Parameters and Their Correlation in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The quality of edible oils is now receiving increasing consideration from consumers and processors. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of environments on oil content and fatty acid composition in peanut. The correlation between oil content and oil quality parameters was also studied. Thirteen peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were grown in 12 environments for the study. Soils at experiment locations differed significantly for pH, EC, and N, P, Zn, Mn, and Fe contents. Significant genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction effects were observed for oil content, individual fatty acid contents, and derived oil quality parameters. The original range of 34-54% of oil content based on one season/location evaluation in these lines was not repeatable, and ranged from 45-50% in multilocation evaluation. Oil content was positively correlated with soil pH and Fe content. The correlation of oleic and linoleic acid content with soil pH and Fe content was positive in the former and negative in the latter. The oil content was positively correlated with O/L ratio. Oliec and linoleic acid contents were negatively correlated. Selection for reduced linoleic acid level in genotypes would also reduce levels of total long chain saturated fatty (TLCSF) acids. Of the thirteen genotypes tested, ICG 5856, ICG 5369, and ICGV 87124 could be used in breeding for improved oil quality

Registration of ICGV 86564 Peanut Germplasm

'ICGV 86564' (Reg. no. GP-65, P1 573007) is a large-seeded Virginia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea Krap. & Rig. var. hypogaea Greg.), developed at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India. It was released in 1992 by the Plant Material Identification Committee of ICRISAT because of its large Virginia pod and seed size, high oil content, and wide adaptabilit