Exploring the role of pharmacology in surgical anatomy and patient outcomes

Introduction: This study looked at how pharmacology affected surgical anatomy and patient outcomes. Methods: The research included a total of 162 participants who were having elective surgery. Propofol or sevoflurane was randomly allocated to patients for the initiation and maintenance of anesthesia. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), and opioids were used in combination to alleviate pain. Results: When compared to patients receiving sevoflurane, those receiving propofol had substantially reduced rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (p 0.05). Additionally, the propofol group saw quicker healing and shorter hospital stays (p 0.05). Multimodal analgesia was linked to better pain management and reduced opioid use. Conclusion: The use of propofol for anesthesia induction and maintenance, as well as multimodal analgesia, may provide superior outcomes for patients undergoing surgery. These findings highlight the importance of pharmacology in surgical anatomy and patient outcomes and emphasize the need for further research to optimize the use of these interventions in the perioperative period

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of nigella sativa leaves extracts against human pathogenic bacteria

Objective: The current study objective was to explore the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening (Alkaloids, Flavonoid, Saponins, Phenolic compounds, terpenoid) of leaves extract of Nigella sativa. Study Design: Experimental study Place and duration of study: The current study was performed in Department Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT) at the University of Haripur. Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from March 2021 to February 2022. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on Muller Hinton agar (MHA) using the disk diffusion method. Screening of N. sativa leaves extracts against Gram-positive bacteria Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella species, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were carried out using standard methods. Results: The results showed that ethanol, chloroform, hexane extract of nigella sativa had the best antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Salmonella species, E. coli and K. pneumonia. Leaves extract of N. sativa were found to contain terpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloids, phenolic compounds except for saponins. Nigella sativa leaves showed good antibacterial activity against clinical multi-drug resistant bacteria. Conclusions: The results of this study provide useful bioactive compounds that show strong antibacterial activity against different multi drug resistant (MDR) including gram negative and gram positive bacteria