Protection Dynamics of Rights and Freedoms of Modern Russia’s Citizens (on the Example of Astrakhan Region)

The article is based on the results of the monitoring sociological research (2010–2016) and considers the subjective assessment by citizens of their rights and freedoms protection on the example of a particular constituent of the Russian Federation — the Astrakhan region. Analysis of the dynamics of rights and freedoms protection indices indicates the deterioration of the legal space in the region in recent years. There has been an increase in the intensity and success of protection for a number of rights and freedoms. But this increase in protection in a given time interval is not comparable to an increase in the violation of rights and freedoms and a decrease in the intensity of their protection. The rating of the rights and freedoms protection of Astrakhan citizens (in descending order) is as follows: the right to emigration, freedom of speech, the right to education and training, the right to private property, the right of people to their own language and culture, freedom of Association, groups, unions, the right to security and protection of the individual, the right to privacy of personal correspondence, the right to work, freedom of choice of religion (religious freedom) and freedom of conscience, the right to equality before the law. The population of the region increasingly refl ects violations of rights and freedoms, the need to protect them. On the one hand, this shows an increase in the legal consciousness of citizens, on the other hand, may indicate a deterioration in the social situation in the region. Thus the results of the study reveal the need to transform the system of protection of the citizens’ rights and freedoms

Military Routine in Rear City in 1941–1945 (Case of Alma-Ata)

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to highlight the features of daily life in cities of rearguard during World War II (as exemplified by Alma-Ata), the strategy of survival of people in the extremely difficult war years (1941–1945). Methods and materials. The study of features of daily city life in the extreme wartime from the point of view of the systematic approach is a basis for analytical generalizations and scientific hierarchization of the collected historical material. The system method is inextricably linked with the macro-and micro-approach, the combination of which allows to reveal the general and the particular in the studied processes, both from the point of view of the state-institutional view – “from above” and from the point of view of their ordinary participants and witnesses – “from below”. The micro-level of the research allows to study the problem in different projections: economic, political, socio-cultural one, helps to show the humanitarian dimension of the city daily life in wartime. Using the multifaceted approach to the formation of the research source base, introducing new declassified archival documents into scientific circulation allows to restore the daily life of Alma-Ata during the Great Patriotic War, to approach its objective and multidimensional understanding. As the main group of sources the authors use documents extracted from the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) (CSA RK), the National archive of Kazakhstan (Astana) (NA RK). Analysis and Results. The result of the research is a demonstration of the daily life of ordinary citizens who bravely endured all the hardships of war both at work and at home, in the family, helping fellow citizens who were evacuated to the city during the war