Identifying Design Requirements for Wireless Routing Link Metrics

In this paper, we identify and analyze the requirements to design a new routing link metric for wireless multihop networks. Considering these requirements, when a link metric is proposed, then both the design and implementation of the link metric with a routing protocol become easy. Secondly, the underlying network issues can easily be tackled. Thirdly, an appreciable performance of the network is guaranteed. Along with the existing implementation of three link metrics Expected Transmission Count (ETX), Minimum Delay (MD), and Minimum Loss (ML), we implement inverse ETX; invETX with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) using NS-2.34. The simulation results show that how the computational burden of a metric degrades the performance of the respective protocol and how a metric has to trade-off between different performance parameters

Uncovering the Link between Micro Credit and Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women: A Case Study of Pakistan

It was a cross-sectional study to measure the impact of micro credit on women's empowerment and was conducted in district Sargodha, Pakistan and a comprehensive questionnaire was used for the purpose of interview. Total sample size comprised of 250 observations, 125 observations were those women who were registered with kashf and had completed at least three loan cycles. And the remaining observations comprised of prospective clients of kashf i.e. those who had just applied for loan and their applications were yet under process. Binary logistic and ordered logistic regressions were used for the purpose of this analysis. This empirical study found a significant difference between the control and treatment groups. The results suggest that women have gained more say in decision making process due to participation in micro credit program, thus leading to higher levels of empowerment than before. Overall, the present study found a strong and significant impact of participation in micro credit program on women's empowerment level. Keywords: Micro Credit, Socio Economic Growth

Abdominal pain with rigidity secondary to the anti-emetic drug metoclopramide

We report a case of abdominal pain with rigidity, mimicking an acute abdomen, caused by metoclopramide, a common anti-emetic drug. Extrapyramidal symptoms are commonly reported side-effects of this medication. They generally include involuntary movements of limbs, torticollis, oculogyric crisis, rhythmic protrusion of tongue, trismus, or dystonic reactions resembling tetanus, etc. Abdominal rigidity due to this medication, resembling an acute abdomen, has not been reported previously. This case report illustrates the importance of considering medication side-effects when evaluating a patient with abdominal pain and rigidity

Impact of capital structure on profitability in the manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries of Pakistan

This study motives to analyze and understand the association between capital structure and profitability and the fastidious to measure their significance in manufacturing and non manufacturing industries of Pakistan. The paper adopts a quantitative data of different manufacturing and non manufacturing organizations in Pakistan. The financial statements were analyzed of manufacturing and non manufacturing organizations of Pakistan for the period of 2008-2013. The study reveals the fact, profitability and debt in manufacturing and non manufacturing industry is an insignificant relationship and a strong positive link between profitability and debt. The population of the study is a Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing industry of Pakistan and units of analysis is D.G Cement factory and AGTL from Manufacturing industry and, HBL & Bank Al-Falah from Non-Manufacturing industry. In this paper descriptive statistics were used to interpret the data. It is proved that manufacturing industry has found a strong negative regression between debts and profit and the non-manufacturing has found a strong positive regression between debt and profit

(1E)-1-[4-(Dimethyl­amino)phen­yl]pent-1-en-3-one

The title mol­ecule, C13H17NO, is close to planar: the dihedral angle betweent the dimethyl amino group and the benzene ring is 7.94 (19)°. No significant inter­molecular inter­actions are observed in the crystal structure

New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus as an Unusual Presentation of a Suspected Organophosphate Poisoning

New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a new entity in medical literature. It has different infectious and noninfectious etiologies showing a devastating impact onto the clinical outcome of patients. Therapy with anaesthetic and antiepileptic agents often fails to improve the condition, unless the primary cause is rectified. Here is presented the case of a young female with a history of depression who after a recent bereavement came to the Emergency Department of Aga Khan University Hospital with complaints of drowsiness that lasted for few hours. Though she had no history of organophosphate poisoning, her physical examination and further investigations were suggestive of the diagnosis. During her hospital stay, she developed refractory status epilepticus. Her seizures did not respond to standard antiepileptic and intravenous anesthetic agents and subsided only after intravenous infusion of atropine for a few days. Organophosphate poisoning is a very common presentation in the developing world and the associated status epilepticus poses a devastating problem for emergency physicians. In patients with suspected organophosphate poisoning with favoring clinical exam findings, the continuation of atropine intravenous infusion can be a safe option to abate seizures

Etiology of acute undifferentiated fever in patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: Our study aimed at identifying the characteristics and etiology of various causes of acute undifferentiated fever in patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the department of emergency medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital from January to June 2016. Adult patients presenting to Emergency department with acute undifferentiated fever were enrolled. Descriptive statistics were calculated in terms of mean±SD for continuous variables like age of the patients and duration of fever, whereas frequency and percentage were computed for categorical variables like gender and causes of fever.Results: A total of one hundred and fifty five patients were included. Out of these 97 (62.6%) were males and 58 (37.4%) were females. Most patients (25.2%, n= 39) were diagnosed as malaria followed closely by dengue fever (n=33, 21.3%) and then enteric fever (n= 10, 6.5%). while 41.9% (n=65) were diagnosed as suspected viral fever based on clinical judgment and inconclusive laboratory results.Conclusion: Malaria was found to be the most common confirmed cause of acute undifferentiated fever followed by dengue and enteric fever. The provision of accurate epidemiological data will enable resources to be directed towards key areas and will be of practical importance to clinicians

N-(2-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)-4-methyl­benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C14H15NO3S, the geometry around the S atom of the SO2 group is distorted tetra­hedral. The meth­oxy- and methyl-substituted aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 71.39 (9)°. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers, which stabilize the crystal structure

Methanol poisoning: 27 years experience at a tertiary care hospital

Methanol toxicity can result in serious morbidity and mortality without timely diagnosis and treatment. Many cases of methanol poisoning outbreaks have been noted in our population but no study has been performed to estimate methanol exposure and its outcomes and complications. A retrospective study was conducted to review all the cases of methanol poisoning admitted from January 1988 to December 2015 at the Aga Khan University Hospital. A total of 35 methanol poisoning cases were reported. All the patients were male, and the mean age was 36.2±8.6 years. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale score on presentation in the emergency was 10.4 ± 4.4. Blurring of vision was present in 17 (48%) patients while 10 (28%) had complete blindness. Mean arterial pH was 6.8±0.5 on arrival. Ethanol was given to 30(88%) patients and 12(32%) patients received bicarbonate for immediate treatment. A total of 15 (42.8%) patients underwent dialysis, out of which only 5 (33.3%) patients survived. Overall, 19 (54.3%) patients expired secondary to methanol ingestion